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Infectious Disease: Aspergillus

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Glabridin Inhibits < em > Aspergillus fumigatus < /em > Growth and Alleviate Inflammation Mediated by Dectin-2 and NLRP3 Inflammasome
CONCLUSION: Glabridin plays an anti-inflammatory role in A. fumigatus challenge via suppression of the Dectin-2 and NLRP3 inflammasome, and plays an anti-fungal role through delaying germination and changing the hyphal integrity.KEY MESSAGESGlabridin plays an anti-inflammatory role in A. fumigatus infection of RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and through Dectin-2 mediation.Glabridin decreases fungal distribution and inflammation in mouse A. fumigatus keratitis.Glabridin inhibits A. fumigatus growth by delaying germination and disrupting cellular structure in vitro.PMID:36785524 | DOI:10.1080/02713683.2022.2164779
Source: Current Eye Research - February 14, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Lu Zhan Xue Tian Jing Lin Xudong Peng Guiqiu Zhao Source Type: research

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase {delta} signaling modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress in aspergillus fumigatus-induced allergic lung inflammation
In this study, we aimed to elucidate an association of ER stress with PI3K- signaling in fungus-induced allergic lung inflammation.Using Aspergillus fumigatus-exposed in vivo and in vitro experimental systems, we have investigated the role of PI3K- in the regulation of ER stress in the pathogenesis of allergic lung inflammation.The Aspergillus fumigatus-sensitized and -challenged mice showed that the expression of ER stress markers and the protein levels of unfolded protein response (UPR)-related markers in lung tissues were significantly increased after Aspergillus fumigatus challenge. Protein expression of ER stress mark...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lee, Y. C., Kim, S. R., Lee, K. S., Ko, Y. H., Jeong, J. S. Tags: 5.3 Allergy and Immunology Source Type: research

The crosstalk between TLR2 and NOD2 in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis
Publication date: April 2015 Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 64, Issue 2 Author(s): Jiayin Wu , Yuting Zhang , Zhaoting Xin , Xinyi Wu Innate immunity is considered to be critical in the pathogenesis of fungal keratitis. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize conserved microbial structures called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS), thereby initiating the innate immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors, NLRs) are two major PRR families. The crosstalk between TLR2 and NOD2 is not completely under...
Source: Molecular Immunology - January 1, 2015 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α modulates metabolic activity and cytokine release in anti-Aspergillus fumigatus immune responses initiated by human dendritic cells.
This study investigated the functional relevance of HIF-1α in the anti-A. fumigatus immune response initiated by human DCs. Hypoxic cell culture conditions were included because hypoxic microenvironments occur during A. fumigatus infections and may influence the host immune response. HIF-1α was stabilized in DCs following stimulation with A. fumigatus under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. This stabilization was partially dependent on dectin-1, the major receptor for A. fumigatus on human DCs. Using siRNA-based HIF-1α silencing combined with genome-wide transcriptional analysis, a modulatory effect of HIF-1α on the ant...
Source: International Journal of Medical Microbiology - September 16, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: Fliesser M, Morton CO, Bonin M, Ebel F, Hünniger K, Kurzai O, Einsele H, Löffler J Tags: Int J Med Microbiol Source Type: research

NLRP3 inflammasome is activated via phosphoinositide 3-kinase {delta} pathway in Aspergillus fumigatus-induced allergic airway inflammation
In this study, we focused on an association of NLRP3 inflammasome activation with PI3K- signaling in Aspergillus fumigatus (Af)-induced allergic lung inflammation. Using Af-exposed in vivo and in vitro experimental systems, we have investigated the role of PI3K- in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of fungus-induced allergic lung inflammation.The protein expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1bin lungs was significantly increased after the challenge in Af-sensitized and -challenged mice. Protein expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 was also remarkably elevated in Af-stimulated cultured trach...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 30, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lee, Y. C., Kim, S. R., Lee, K. B., Park, H. J., Jeong, J. S. Tags: 5.3 Allergy and Immunology Source Type: research

A potential link between TSLP/TSLPR/STAT5 and TLR2/MyD88/NFκB-p65 in human corneal epithelial cells for Aspergillus fumigatus tolerance
Publication date: March 2016 Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 71 Author(s): Xiaoxiao Ren, Leyi Wang, Xinyi Wu Our previous studies reported that pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including the cell surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytoplasmic NOD-like receptors (NLRs), recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) to initiate downstream signal cascades to active immunity responses. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has recently emerged as a key cytokine in the development of type 2 adaptive immune responses. However, the crosstalk between PRRs and TSLP has not been well elucidated in Aspergil...
Source: Molecular Immunology - February 12, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Important factors mediates the adhesion of aspergillus fumigatus to alveolar epithelial cells with E-cadherin.
In conclusion, E-cadherin is a receptor for adhesion of A. fumigatus blastospores in epithelial cells. This may open a new approach to treat this fungal infection. PMID: 27347350 [PubMed]
Source: American Journal of Translational Research - June 29, 2016 Category: Research Tags: Am J Transl Res Source Type: research

Role of PTX3 in corneal epithelial innate immunity against Aspergillus fumigatus infection.
Abstract Pentraxin3 (PTX3), a member of long pentraxin family, plays a non-redundant role in human humoral innate immunity. However, whether PTX3 is expressed by corneal epithelial cells and its role during corneal fungi infection has not yet been investigated. To identify the presence of PTX3 in cornea, the possible mechanisms involved in its expression, and also the effects on corneal anti-fungi innate immune response, clinic human corneal tissues and cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were resorted. PTX3 mRNA and protein were detected in corneal samples and cultured HCECs, which was significantly u...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - November 22, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Zhang J, Zhao G, Lin J, Che C, Li C, Jiang N, Hu L, Wang Q Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

TSLP-activated dendritic cells induce T helper type 2 inflammation in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.
Abstract Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an IL-7-like cytokine, which is secreted by epithelial cells under the stimulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Dendritic cells (DCs) which express the thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) can be activated by TSLP. Mature DCs can express the OX40 ligand, which has the ability to combine with OX40 on the surface of T cells to stimulate T cell proliferation. TSLP secreted by corneal epithelial cells can engage in the process of T helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis, but the mechanism remains unclear. We demonstrated that...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - March 14, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sun L, Chen C, Wu J, Dai C, Wu X Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Interactions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin with TLR2 and TLR4 regulate anti-fungal innate immunity in Aspergillus fumigatus-induced corneal infection.
Abstract Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin 7 (IL-7)-like four helix bundle cytokine that plays diverse roles in the regulation of immune responses. In fungal infection, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including the cell surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytoplasmic NOD-like receptors, recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns to initiate downstream signal cascades to active immune responses. Our previous studies reported that, in vitro human cornea epithelium cells represented a novel target of TSLP and that TSLP/TSLPR/STAT5 signaling played an important role in the response t...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - March 6, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Dai C, Wu J, Chen C, Wu X Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Interactions With Natural Killer Cells and Pro-angiogenic Activities: Roles in Tumor Progression
Conclusions MDSC are major players in the immunosuppressive scenario in cancer, thanks to their phenotype heterogeneity and critical interaction with several innate immune cells, thus representing a crucial target in oncology. Here we reviewed the interactions of MDSCs with NK cells. The contribution of key cytokines, chemokines and mediators active in this process have been discussed. We also described the contribution of MDSC on angiogenesis directly or indirectly through interactions with NK and immunosuppressive activities. A parallel of the cancer associated to the decidual counterpart of these cells is discussed, a...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

PHI-Nets: A Network Resource for Ascomycete Fungal Pathogens to Annotate and Identify Putative Virulence Interacting Proteins and siRNA Targets
Interactions between proteins underlie all aspects of complex biological mechanisms. Therefore, methodologies based on complex network analyses can facilitate identification of promising candidate genes involved in phenotypes of interest and put this information into appropriate contexts. To facilitate discovery and gain additional insights into globally important pathogenic fungi, we have reconstructed computationally inferred interactomes using an interolog and domain-based approach for 15 diverse Ascomycete fungal species, across nine orders, specifically Aspergillus fumigatus, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Blumeria graminis f...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - December 5, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Vitamin D reduces autophagy by regulating NF- κB resistance to Aspergillus fumigatus infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency can aggravate the inflammatory damage in the lungs of Aspergillus fumigatus. When the body is sufficient in vitamin D, if the lungs infect Aspergillus fumigatus spores, the body may resist the infection of Aspergillus fumigatus by reducing the expression of NF-κB, inflammatory factors and autophagy. PMID: 32485309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Gene - May 29, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Hu S, Dai J, Chen X Tags: Gene Source Type: research

The cGAS-STING signaling pathway contributes to the inflammatory response and autophagy in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.
In this study, we showed that the cGAS-STING signaling pathway was activated in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and in mouse corneas infected with A. fumigatus. Knockdown of cGAS reduced A. fumigatus-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-β. However, reconstruction of cGAS activity restored the inflammatory response in HCECs infected with A. fumigatus. A specific cGAS inhibitor, RU.521, could also significantly inhibit A. fumigatus-induced inflammatory cytokine expression. In addition, we found that cGAS was indispensable for the autophagy flux evoked by A. fumigat...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - November 20, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Han F, Guo H, Wang L, Zhang Y, Sun L, Dai C, Wu X Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates fungal keratitis by limiting fungal growth and inhibiting pyroptosis
CONCLUSION: DMF limits fungal growth by suppressing biofilm formation, conidial adherence and respiratory metabolism. It also exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on fungal keratitis by inhibiting pyroptosis, which could be regulated by Nrf2. Our results suggest that DMF plays a therapeutic role in fungal keratitis.PMID:36641891 | DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109721
Source: International Immunopharmacology - January 15, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lingwen Gu Jing Lin Qian Wang Lina Zhang Min Yin Hao Lin Hengrui Zheng Guiqiu Zhao Cui Li Source Type: research