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Total 22 results found since Jan 2013.

Cancers, Vol. 14, Pages 566: Successful Incorporation of Exosome-Capturing Antibody-siRNA Complexes into Multiple Myeloma Cells and Suppression of Targeted mRNA Transcripts
In conclusion, exosome-capturing Ab-conjugated siRNAs with branched Arg linkers can be effectively delivered into MM cells via uptake of exosomes by parental cells. This technology has the potential to lead to a breakthrough in drug delivery systems for hematologic cancers.
Source: Cancers - January 23, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Emi Soma Asako Yamayoshi Yuki Toda Yuji Mishima Shigekuni Hosogi Eishi Ashihara Tags: Article Source Type: research

Inhibition of TrkB limits development of the zebra finch song system.
Abstract Large sexual dimorphisms exist in the zebra finch song system. Masculinization may be mediated by both estradiol and expression of one or more Z-genes (males: ZZ; females: ZW). Roles of the Z-gene tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in HVC in masculinizing both it and its target the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) were tested using siRNA administration in juvenile males at two ages (post-hatching days 15-17 or 25-27). Birds were euthanized 10 days later. Potential interactions or additive effects with estradiol were evaluated by treating males with the estrogen synthesis inhibitor fadrozole. Females treated w...
Source: Brain Research - April 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Beach LQ, Tang YP, Kerver H, Wade J Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Germ lineage properties in the urochordate Botryllus schlosseri - from markers to temporal niches.
Abstract The primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the colonial urochordate Botryllus schlosseri are sequestered in late embryonic stage. PGC-like populations, located at any blastogenic stage in specific niches, inside modules with curtailed lifespan, survive throughout the life of the colony by repeated weekly migration to newly formed buds. This cyclical migration and the lack of specific markers for PGC-like populations are obstacles to the study on PGCs. For that purpose, we isolated the Botryllus DDX1 (BS-DDX1) and characterized it by normal expression patterns and by specific siRNA knockdown experiments. Expressi...
Source: Developmental Biology - October 9, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Rosner A, Moiseeva E, Rabinowitz C, Rinkevich B Tags: Dev Biol Source Type: research

Knockdown of IL-1β Improves Hypoxia–ischemia Brain Associated with IL-6 Up-regulation in Cell and Animal Models
Abstract A study was conducted to investigate the effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on hypoxia ischemia (HI) of cultured astrocyte and neonatal rat models and to explore the underlying molecular regulation mechanism. Primary rat astrocyte was exposed to hypoxia (2 % O2, 98 % N2) and cultured in serum-free medium for 6, 12, and 18 h to establish cell model of HI. Morphologic changes of astrocyte were monitored and gene expression change of IL-1β evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To establish the HI animal model, 3 days old postnatal Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were treated with the righ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Tupaia small RNAs provide insights into function and evolution of RNAi-based transposon defense in mammals.
Abstract Argonaute proteins comprising Piwi-like and Argonaute-like proteins and their guiding small RNAs combat mobile DNA on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. While Piwi-like proteins and associated piRNAs are generally restricted to the germline, Argonaute-like proteins and siRNAs have been linked with transposon control in the germline as well as in the soma. Intriguingly, evolution has realized distinct Argonaute subfunctionalization patterns in different species but our knowledge about mammalian RNA interference pathways relies mainly on findings from the mouse model. However, mice differ f...
Source: RNA - March 23, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Rosenkranz D, Rudloff S, Bastuck K, Ketting RF, Zischler H Tags: RNA Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 22, Pages 969: Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces Expression of Heme Oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H:quinone Oxidoreductase through Activation of Nrf2 in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells
In conclusion, DHA activates Nrf2, possibly through modification of critical Keap1 cysteine 288 residue and PKCδ-mediated phosphorylation of Nrf2, leading to upregulation of HO-1 and NQO1 expression.
Source: Molecules - June 10, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Hye-Yoon Bang Sin-Aye Park Soma Saeidi Hye-Kyung Na Young-Joon Surh Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 13, Pages 82: STAT3 Stabilizes IKK α Protein through Direct Interaction in Transformed and Cancerous Human Breast Epithelial Cells
In this study, we observed overexpression and co-localization of IKKα and STAT3 in human breast cancer tissues as well as in H-Ras transformed human breast epithelial (H-Ras MCF-10A) and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. By utilizing small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology, we were able to demonstrate that STAT3 up-regulated IKKα, but not IKKβ or IKKγ, in these cells. This was attributable to direct binding to and subsequent stabilization of IKKα protein by blocking the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Notably, we identified the lysine 44 residue of IKK&...
Source: Cancers - December 30, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Young-Il Hahn Soma Saeidi Su-Jung Kim Se-Young Park Na-Young Song Jie Zheng Do-Hee Kim Han-Byoel Lee Wonshik Han Dong-Young Noh Hye-Kyung Na Young-Joon Surh Tags: Article Source Type: research

Deimination restores inner retinal visual function in murine demyelinating disease
Progressive loss of visual function frequently accompanies demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and is hypothesized to be the result of damage to the axons and soma of neurons. Here, we show that dendritic impairment is also involved in these diseases. Deimination, a posttranslational modification, was reduced in the retinal ganglion cell layer of MS patients and in a transgenic mouse model of MS (ND4 mice). Reduced deimination accompanied a decrease in inner retinal function in ND4 mice, indicating loss of vision. Local restoration of deimination dramatically improved retinal function and elongation of n...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - January 3, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Mabel Enriquez-Algeciras, Di Ding, Fabrizio G. Mastronardi, Robert E. Marc, Vittorio Porciatti, Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya Source Type: research

Functional Interaction between Amyloid-β Precursor Protein and Peripherin Neurofilaments: A Shared Pathway Leading to Alzheimer's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?
Conclusion: Our results indicate that a fraction of APP is cleaved by β-secretase in the soma and that the generated sAPP becomes associated with perinuclear peripherin neurofilaments. These findings link the metabolism of APP - which is dysregulated in AD - to the organization of neurofilaments - which is abnormal in ALS - and suggest a possible crosstalk/overlap between the molecular mechanisms of these diseases. PMID: 24009040 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neuro-Degenerative Diseases - September 4, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Muresan V, Villegas C, Ladescu Muresan Z Tags: Neurodegener Dis Source Type: research

ARIA Regulates Cardiac PI3K/Akt Signals Signal Transduction
PI3K/Akt signaling plays an important role in the regulation of cardiomyocyte death machinery, which can cause stress-induced cardiac dysfunction. Here, we report that apoptosis regulator through modulating IAP expression (ARIA), a recently identified transmembrane protein, regulates the cardiac PI3K/Akt signaling and thus modifies the progression of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy. ARIA is highly expressed in the mouse heart relative to other tissues, and it is also expressed in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. The stable expression of ARIA in H9c2 cardiac muscle cells increased the levels of membrane-associated PTEN...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 31, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kitamura, Y., Koide, M., Akakabe, Y., Matsuo, K., Shimoda, Y., Soma, Y., Ogata, T., Ueyama, T., Matoba, S., Yamada, H., Ikeda, K. Tags: Molecular Bases of Disease Source Type: research

Interferon regulatory factor 7 participates in the M1‐like microglial polarization switch
In this study, we characterized lipopolysaccharide‐treated M1‐like and IL‐4‐treated M2‐like microglia and investigated the mechanisms that regulate phenotypic switching. The addition of M2‐like microglial conditioned medium (CM) to primary neurons resulted in an increase in neurite length when compared with neurons treated with M1‐like microglial CM, possibly because of the enhanced secretion of neurotrophic factors by M2‐like microglia. M1‐like microglia were morphologically characterized by larger soma, whereas M2‐like microglia were characterized by long processes. M2‐like microglia exhibited great...
Source: Glia - November 24, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Tatsuhide Tanaka, Koichi Murakami, Yoshio Bando, Shigetaka Yoshida Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

The role of TRPM2 in hydrogen peroxide-induced expression of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine in rat trigeminal ganglia
In this study, we hypothesized that peripheral inflammation leads to cytokine and chemokine production and ROS generation within TG and that transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM2), a well known oxidative sensor, contributes to ROS-induced gene regulation within TG. The masseter injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) resulted in a significantly elevated level of ROS within TG of the inflamed side with a concurrent increase in cytokine expression in TG. Treatment of TG cultures with H2O2 significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of cytokine/chemokine such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and chemokine (C-X-...
Source: Neuroscience - April 20, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

GSE67954 CSR-1 and P granules suppress sperm-specific transcription in the C. elegans germline
Contributors : Anne C Campbell ; Dustin L UpdikeSeries Type : Expression profiling by high throughput sequencingOrganism : Caenorhabditis elegansP granules in C. elegans are required for fertility and function to maintain germ cell identity and pluripotency.  Sterility in the absence of P granules is often accompanied by the mis-expression of soma-specific proteins and the initiation of somatic differentiation in germ cells.  To investigate whether this is caused by the accumulation of somatic transcripts, we performed mRNA-seq on dissected germlines with and without P granules.  Strikingly, we found that somatic tran...
Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus - May 20, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing Caenorhabditis elegans Source Type: research

Tissue- and sex-specific small RNAomes reveal sex differences in response to the environment
This study provides important sex- and tissue-specific expression data of miRNA, piRNA and siRNA as well as mechanistic insights into sex-differences of gene regulation in response to environmental cues.
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 8, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Alexandra Bezler Source Type: research

A mosquito small RNA genomics resource reveals dynamic evolution and host responses to viruses and transposons RESOURCES
Although mosquitoes are major transmission vectors for pathogenic arboviruses, viral infection has little impact on mosquito health. This immunity is due in part to mosquito RNA interference (RNAi) pathways that generate antiviral small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). RNAi also maintains genome integrity by potently repressing mosquito transposon activity in the germline and soma. However, viral and transposon small RNA regulatory pathways have not been systematically examined together in mosquitoes. Therefore, we developed an integrated Mosquito Small RNA Genomics (MSRG) resource that analyze...
Source: Genome Research - January 8, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Ma, Q., Srivastav, S. P., Gamez, S., Dayama, G., Feitosa-Suntheimer, F., Patterson, E. I., Johnson, R. M., Matson, E. M., Gold, A. S., Brackney, D. E., Connor, J. H., Colpitts, T. M., Hughes, G. L., Rasgon, J. L., Nolan, T., Akbari, O. S., Lau, N. C. Tags: RESOURCES Source Type: research