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Condition: Pain

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Total 374 results found since Jan 2013.

Local knockdown of the NaV1.6 sodium channel reduces pain behaviors, sensory neuron excitability, and sympathetic sprouting in rat models of neuropathic pain
In this study, we injected small inhibitory (si) RNA directed against the NaV1.6 sodium channel isoform into the DRG before SNL. This isoform can mediate high-frequency repetitive firing, like that seen in spontaneously active neurons. Local knockdown of NaV1.6 markedly reduced mechanical pain behaviors induced by SNL, reduced sympathetic sprouting into the ligated sensory ganglion, and blocked abnormal spontaneous activity and other measures of hyperexcitability in myelinated neurons in the ligated sensory ganglion. Immunohistochemical experiments showed that sympathetic sprouting preferentially targeted NaV1.6-positive n...
Source: Neuroscience - March 6, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The role of TRPM2 in hydrogen peroxide-induced expression of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine in rat trigeminal ganglia
In this study, we hypothesized that peripheral inflammation leads to cytokine and chemokine production and ROS generation within TG and that transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM2), a well known oxidative sensor, contributes to ROS-induced gene regulation within TG. The masseter injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) resulted in a significantly elevated level of ROS within TG of the inflamed side with a concurrent increase in cytokine expression in TG. Treatment of TG cultures with H2O2 significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of cytokine/chemokine such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and chemokine (C-X-...
Source: Neuroscience - April 20, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

MicroRNA-146a-5p attenuates neuropathic pain via suppressing TRAF6 signaling in the spinal cord
In this study, we found that in cultured astrocytes, TNF-α, IL-1β, or lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) induced rapid TRAF6 upregulation and delayed miR-146a-5p upregulation. In addition, miR-146a-5p mimic blocked LPS-induced TRAF6 upregulation, as well as LPS-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and chemokine CCL2 expression in astrocytes. Notably, LPS incubation with astrocytes enhanced the DNA binding activity of AP-1 to the promoters of mir-146a and ccl2. TRAF6 siRNA or JNK inhibitor SP600125 significantly reduced LPS-induced miR-146a-5p increase in astrocytes. In vivo, intrathecal injection of TNF-α or LPS inc...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - May 7, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

TCF4 Mediates the Maintenance of Neuropathic Pain Through Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Following Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats
Abstract Neuropathic pain is elicited after a serious disorder of the nervous system and is along with the neural damage. It is usually chronic and challenging to treat. Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) is a key transcription factor of Wnt signaling system. Recent studies have shown that TCF4 interacts with β-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway and coactivates downstream target genes in diverse systems. However, it is not well elucidated in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. In the present study, we investigated the role of TCF4 in the maintenance of neuropathic pain after chronic constriction injury (CCI) in ra...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - May 11, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

MicroRNA-146a-5p attenuates neuropathic pain via suppressing TRAF6 signaling in the spinal cord.
In this study, we found that in cultured astrocytes, TNF-α, IL-1β, or lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) induced rapid TRAF6 upregulation and delayed miR-146a-5p upregulation. In addition, miR-146a-5p mimic blocked LPS-induced TRAF6 upregulation, as well as LPS-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and chemokine CCL2 expression in astrocytes. Notably, LPS incubation with astrocytes enhanced the DNA binding activity of AP-1 to the promoters of mir-146a and ccl2. TRAF6 siRNA or JNK inhibitor SP600125 significantly reduced LPS-induced miR-146a-5p increase in astrocytes. In vivo, intrathecal injection of TNF-α or LPS inc...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - May 5, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Lu Y, Cao L, Jiang BC, Yang T, Gao YJ Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: research

Therapeutic potential of RNA interference in pain medicine.
Authors: Tan PH, Yang LC, Ji RR Abstract In recent years RNA interference (RNAi) has rapidly become the most widely used tool for gene knockdown due to its high specificity and potency. RNAi is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for silencing gene expression by targeted degradation of mRNA. In the past decade, hundreds of molecular targets have been identified for their roles in pain modulation. But most molecular targets are not readily druggable with small molecules. RNAi represents a therapeutic approach applicable to these non-druggable targets. There is a rapid increase in the number of studies that use sma...
Source: Open Pain Journal - June 4, 2015 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Open Pain J Source Type: research

Vagal afferent‐dependent cholecystokinin modulation of visceral pain requires central amygdala NMDA‐NR2B receptors in rats
Conclusions & InferencesThe pronociception induced by systemic CCK, which is vagal afferent‐dependent, requires activation of CeA NMDA‐NR2B receptors. Systemic CCK augments visceral pain response to CRD stimulation in rats. This effect is dependent on vagal afferent activity and the downstream CeA NMDA‐NR2B receptor activation.
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - July 22, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: E. M. Wang, W. T. Li, X. J. Yan, X. Chen, Q. Liu, C. C. Feng, Z. J. Cao, J. Y. Fang, S. L. Chen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

PAR-2 activation enhances weak acid-induced ATP release through TRPV1 and ASICs sensitization in human esophageal epithelial cells.
Abstract Esophageal visceral hypersensitivity has been proposed to be the pathogenesis of heartburn sensation in non-erosive reflux disease. Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is expressed in human esophageal epithelial cells, and is believed to play a role in inflammation and sensation. PAR-2 activation may modulate these responses through adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release, which is involved in transduction of sensation and pain. The transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are both acid-sensitive nociceptors. However, the interaction among these molecu...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - August 20, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Wu L, Oshima T, Shan J, Sei H, Tomita T, Ohda Y, Fukui H, Watari J, Miwa H Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: research

PAR-2 activation enhances weak acid-induced ATP release through TRPV1 and ASIC sensitization in human esophageal epithelial cells
Esophageal visceral hypersensitivity has been proposed to be the pathogenesis of heartburn sensation in nonerosive reflux disease. Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is expressed in human esophageal epithelial cells and is believed to play a role in inflammation and sensation. PAR-2 activation may modulate these responses through adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release, which is involved in transduction of sensation and pain. The transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are both acid-sensitive nociceptors. However, the interaction among these molecules and the mechanis...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - October 15, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Wu, L., Oshima, T., Shan, J., Sei, H., Tomita, T., Ohda, Y., Fukui, H., Watari, J., Miwa, H. Tags: INFLAMMATION, IMMUNITY, AND INFECTION Source Type: research

Anti-cancer effect of bee venom on colon cancer cell growth by activation of death receptors and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B.
Authors: Zheng J, Lee HL, Ham YW, Song HS, Song MJ, Hong JT Abstract Bee venom (BV) has been used as a traditional medicine to treat arthritis, rheumatism, back pain, cancerous tumors, and skin diseases. However, the effects of BV on the colon cancer and their action mechanisms have not been reported yet. We used cell viability assay and soft agar colony formation assay for testing cell viability, electro mobility shift assay for detecting DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Western blotting assay for detection of apoptosis regulatory proteins. We found that BV inhibited growth of colon canc...
Source: Oncotarget - November 14, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research

Allopurinol-induced Sweet's syndrome.
We describe the case of an 87-year-old woman with hyperuricemia who developed classic Sweet's syndrome manifestations 8 days after being treated with allopurinol. Patient's symptoms included fever, painful edema in the hands and lower limbs with non-pruritic erythematous plaques topped by pus-filled skin blisters, right eye conjunctivitis, splenomegaly and joint pain. At the emergency department, blood tests showed neutrophilic leukocytosis, inflammatory state and altered liver function. During hospitalization, she received unsuccessful treatments with two different antibiotics (namely ceftriaxone and levofloxacin), while ...
Source: International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology - December 20, 2015 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol Source Type: research

JAB1 is Involved in Neuropathic Pain by Regulating JNK and NF-κB Activation After Chronic Constriction Injury.
This study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of JAB1. Here, employing a neuropathic pain model induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) on rats, we reported the role of JAB1 in the maintenance of neuropathic pain. By western blot, we found that CCI markedly up-regulated JAB1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord. Immunofluorescent assay demonstrated that JAB1 was extensively localized in IB4-, CGRP- and NF200-positive neurons in the injured L5 DRG, and mainly co-localized with NeuN in spinal cord. In addition, we showed that CCI induced phosphorylation of p65 and JNK in vivo. Intrathe...
Source: Neurochemical Research - December 23, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chen Y, Chen X, Yu J, Xu X, Wei X, Gu X, Liu C, Zhang D, Xu Z Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Amomum tsao‐ko fruit extract suppresses lipopolysaccharide‐induced inducible nitric oxide synthase by inducing heme oxygenase‐1 in macrophages and in septic mice
This study was designed to assess the anti‐inflammatory effects and the molecular mechanisms of the methanol extract of A. tsao‐ko (AOM) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and in a murine model of sepsis. In LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, AOM reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and increased heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) expression at the protein and mRNA levels. Pretreatment with SnPP (a selective inhibitor of HO‐1) and silencing HO‐1 using siRNA prevented the AOM‐mediated inhibition of NO production and iNOS e...
Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology - January 14, 2016 Category: Pathology Authors: Ji‐Sun Shin, Suran Ryu, Dae Sik Jang, Young‐Wuk Cho, Eun Kyung Chung, Kyung‐Tae Lee Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

cAMP-Response Element-Binding 3-like protein 1 (CREB3L1) is required for decidualization and its expression is decreased in women with endometriosis.
In this study, we validated progesterone (P4) regulation of Creb3l1 in the uteri of wild-type and progesterone receptor knockout (PRKO) mice. Furthermore, we observed that CREB3L1 expression was significantly higher in secretory phase human endometrium compared to proliferative phase and that CREB3L1 expression was significantly decreased in the endometrium of women with endometriosis. Lastly, by transfecting CREB3L1 siRNA into cultured human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) prior to hormonal induction of in vitro decidualization, we showed that CREB3L1 is required for the decidualization process. Interestingly, phosphory...
Source: Current Molecular Medicine - February 25, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ahn JI, Yoo JY, Kim TH, Kim YI, Ferguson SD, Fazleabas AT, Young SL, Lessey BA, Ahn JY, Lim JM, Jeong JW Tags: Curr Mol Med Source Type: research

Abstract P2-05-26: Focal adhesion kinase is required for efficient tumor-induced osteoclastogenesis via control of macrophage colony stimulating factor expression
Breast cancer most commonly metastasizes to bone where metastases cause the potentiation of the vicious cycle. During this process, breast cancer bone metastases inhibit osteoblasts from forming new bone, while also activating osteoclasts to degrade bone. This in turn causes release of bone-matrix bound growth factors which propagate tumor growth. The overall net bone destruction can lead to significant adverse clinical consequences for patients including fractures or substantial pain. While agents such as bisphosphonates or the monoclonal antibody to RANKL denosumab, both of which inhibit the osteolytic activity of osteoc...
Source: Cancer Research - February 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Landon, K., Howe, G., Zhao, H., Addison, C. Tags: Poster Session Abstracts Source Type: research