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Condition: Metabolic Syndrome

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Total 67 results found since Jan 2013.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency increases cell adhesion molecules and activates human monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion: Protective role of l-cysteine.
Abstract Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is a major enzyme that supplies the reducing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH), which is required to recycle oxidized/glutathione disulfide (GSSH) to reduced glutathione (GSH). G6PD-deficient cells are susceptible to oxidative stress and a deficiency of GSH. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by the loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which regulates leukocyte adhesion to endothelium. G6PD-deficient endothelial cells (EC) demonstrate a reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NO levels along with redu...
Source: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics - December 21, 2018 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Parsanathan R, Jain SK Tags: Arch Biochem Biophys Source Type: research

Repin1 deficiency in liver tissue alleviates NAFLD progression in mice
This study provides evidence that loss of Repin1 in the liver attenuates NAFLD progression, most likely by reducing fat accumulation and alleviating chronic tissue inflammation. Thus, modulating Repin1 expression may become a novel strategy and potential tool to inhibit NAFLD progression.Graphical abstract
Source: Journal of Advanced Research - November 23, 2018 Category: Research Source Type: research

Biglycan gene connects metabolic dysfunction with brain disorder
Publication date: Available online 3 October 2018Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of DiseaseAuthor(s): Zhe Ying, Hyae Ran Byun, Qingying Meng, Emily Noble, Guanglin Zhang, Xia Yang, Fernando Gomez-PinillaAbstractDietary fructose is a major contributor to the epidemic of diabetes and obesity, and it is an excellent model to study metabolic syndrome. Based on previous studies that Bgn gene occupies a central position in a network of genes in the brain in response to fructose consumption, we assessed the capacity of Bgn to modulate the action of fructose on brain and body. We exposed male biglycan...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Molecular Basis of Disease - October 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Ablation of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase reprogram white fat to beige-like fat through an increase in mitochondrial integrity, HO-1-adiponectin in vitro and in vivo
In this study, we explore the effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) deletion on various aspects of adipocyte-function, including programing for white vs. beige-like fat, and mitochondrial and thermogenic gene-expressions. We further hypothesize that EETs and heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) form a synergistic, functional module whose effects on adipocyte and vascular function is greater than the effects of sEH deletion alone. In in vitro studies, we examined the effect of sEH inhibitors on MSC-derived adipocytes. MSC-derived adipocytes exposed to AUDA, an inhibitor of sEH, exhibit an increased number of small and healthy adipo...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - July 22, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Combination of resveratrol and 5-azacytydine improves osteogenesis of metabolic syndrome mesenchymal stem cells.
Abstract Endocrine disorders have become more and more frequently diagnosed in humans and animals. In horses, equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, inflammation and usually by pathological obesity. Due to an increased inflammatory response in the adipose tissue, cytophysiological properties of adipose derived stem cells (ASC) have been impaired, which strongly limits their therapeutic potential. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondria deterioration and accelerated ageing of those cells affect their multipotency and restric...
Source: J Cell Mol Med - July 12, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Marycz K, Kornicka K, Irwin-Houston JM, Weiss C Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

CIDEC Gene Silencing Alleviates Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in a Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model
ConclusionsCIDEC/AMPK signaling pathway could be a potential therapeutic candidate against pulmonary vascular diseases in type 2 diabetes.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Diabetes Investigation - September 1, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Dong ‐xin Sui, Hui‐min Zhou, Feng Wang, Ming Zhong, Wei Zhang, Yun Ti Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Adipochemokines induced by ultraviolet irradiation contribute to impaired fat metabolism in subcutaneous fat cells.
CONCLUSIONS: These UV-induced adipochemokines may be implicated in the reduction of lipogenesis in SC fat, leading to impairment of fat homeostasis and associated comorbidities such as obesity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 28845522 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The British Journal of Dermatology - August 27, 2017 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kim EJ, Kim YK, Kim S, Kim JE, Tian YD, Doh EJ, Lee DH, Chung JH Tags: Br J Dermatol Source Type: research

CREG1 heterozygous mice are susceptible to high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance
This study uncovered a novel function of CREG1 in metabolic disorders.
Source: PLoS One - May 1, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Xiaoxiang Tian Source Type: research

Dual effects of fructose on ChREBP and FoxO1/3{alpha} are responsible for AldoB upregulation and vascular remodeling
Increased production of methylglyoxal (MG) in vascular tissues is one of the causative factors for vascular remodeling in different subtypes of metabolic syndrome, including hypertension and insulin resistance. Fructose-induced upregulation of aldolase B (AldoB) contributes to increased vascular MG production but the underlying mechanisms have been unclear. Serum levels of MG and fructose were determined in diabetic patients with hypertension. MG level had significant positive correlations with blood pressure and fructose level respectively. C57Bl/6 mice were fed with control or fructose-enriched diet for 3 months and ultr...
Source: Clinical Science - December 21, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Cao, W., Chang, T., Li, X.-q., Wang, R., Wu, L. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research

Transendothelial glucose transport is not restricted by extracellular hyperglycaemia.
Abstract Endothelial cells are routinely exposed to elevated glucose concentrations post-prandially in healthy individuals and permanently in patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and so we assessed their sugar transport capabilities in response to high glucose. In human umbilical vein (HUVEC), saphenous vein, microdermal vessels and aorta, GLUT1 (SLC2A1), GLUT3 (SLC2A3), GLUT6 (SLC2A6), and in microdermal vessels also GLUT12 (SLC2A12), were the main glucose transporters as assessed by mRNA, with no fructose transporters nor SGLT1 (SLC5A1). Uptake of (14)C-fructose was negligible. GLUT1 and GLUT3 proteins...
Source: Vascular Pharmacology - November 3, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tumova S, Kerimi A, Porter KE, Williamson G Tags: Vascul Pharmacol Source Type: research

GSK-3β promotes PA-induced apoptosis through changing β-arrestin 2 nucleus location in H9c2 cardiomyocytes
Abstract Palmitic acid (PA), a type of saturated fatty acids, induces cardiovascular diseases by causing cardiomyocyte apoptosis with unclear mechanisms. Akt participates in PA-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. GSK-3β is a substrate of Akt, we investigated its role in PA-induced apoptosis. We reveal that PA inhibits GSK-3β phosphorylation accompanied by inactivation of Akt in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. We also reveal that inhibition the activity of GSK-3β by its inhibitor LiCl or knockdown by siRNA significantly attenuates PA-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, this suggesting that GSK-3β plays a pro-apoptotic role. To ...
Source: Apoptosis - July 17, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

GSK-3 β promotes PA-induced apoptosis through changing β-arrestin 2 nucleus location in H9c2 cardiomyocytes
Abstract Palmitic acid (PA), a type of saturated fatty acids, induces cardiovascular diseases by causing cardiomyocyte apoptosis with unclear mechanisms. Akt participates in PA-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. GSK-3 β is a substrate of Akt, we investigated its role in PA-induced apoptosis. We reveal that PA inhibits GSK-3β phosphorylation accompanied by inactivation of Akt in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. We also reveal that inhibition the activity of GSK-3β by its inhibitor LiCl or knockdown by siRNA significantly a ttenuates PA-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, this suggesting that GSK-3β plays a pro-apoptotic role. To detect...
Source: Apoptosis - July 17, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Reduced Insulin Receptor Expression Enhances Proximal Tubule Gluconeogenesis
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - June 20, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gaurav Pandey, Kripa Shankar, Ekta Makhija, Anil Gaikwad, Carolyn Ecelbarger, Anil Mandhani, Aneesh Srivastava, Swasti Tiwari Tags: Article Source Type: research

Mitochondrial-targeted aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the impact of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on cellular respiration and the mitochondrial proteome.
Abstract The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor within the Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain superfamily. Exposure to the most potent AHR ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), is associated with various pathological effects including metabolic syndrome. While research over the last several years has demonstrated a role for oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction in AHR-dependent TCDD-induced toxicity, the role of the mitochondria in this process has not been fully explored. Our previous research suggested that a portion of the cellular pool of AHR could be found in ...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - April 18, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Hwang HJ, Dornbos P, Steidemann M, Dunivin TK, Rizzo M, LaPres JJ Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Berberine improves mesenteric artery insulin sensitivity through up‐regulating insulin receptor‐mediated signaling in diabetic rats
Conclusions and ImplicationsBerberine improves diabetic vascular insulin sensitivity and mesenteric vasodilation through upregulating insulin receptor‐mediated signaling in diabetic rats. These findings suggest potential benefits of berberine in the prevention and adjunctive treatment of diabetic vascular complications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - February 23, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Feng‐Hao Geng, Guo‐Hua Li, Xing Zhang, Peng Zhang, Ming‐Qing Dong, Zhi‐Jing Zhao, Yuan Zhang, Ling Dong, Feng Gao Tags: RESEARCH PAPER THEMED ISSUE Source Type: research