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Condition: Metabolic Syndrome

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Total 67 results found since Jan 2013.

Reduced DPP4 activity improves insulin signaling in primary human adipocytes.
Abstract DPP4 is a ubiquitously expressed cell surface protease which is also released to the circulation as soluble DPP4 (sDPP4). Recently, we identified DPP4 as a novel adipokine oversecreted in obesity and thus potentially linking obesity to the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, sDPP4 impairs insulin signaling in an autocrine and paracrine fashion in different cell types. However, it is still unknown which functional role DPP4 might play in adipocytes. Therefore, primary human adipocytes were treated with a specific DPP4 siRNA. Adipocyte differentiation was not affected by DPP4 silencing. Interestingly, DPP4 red...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - February 9, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Röhrborn D, Brückner J, Sell H, Eckel J Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Miox in Obesity Molecular Bases of Disease
This study highlights mechanisms concerning the pathobiology of tubular injury in the context of myo-inositol oxygenase (Miox), a tubular enzyme. The kidneys of mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) had increased Miox expression and activity, and the latter was related to phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues. Also, expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein1 (Srebp1) and markers of cellular/nuclear damage was increased along with accentuated apoptosis and loss of tubular brush border. Similar results were observed in cells treated with palmitate/BSA. Multiple sterol-response elements and E-box motifs were fou...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 15, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Tominaga, T., Dutta, R. K., Joladarashi, D., Doi, T., Reddy, J. K., Kanwar, Y. S. Tags: Metabolism Source Type: research

Insulin response dysregulation explains abnormal fat storage and increased risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 in Cohen Syndrome
This study, in association with the in-depth analysis of the metabolic status of the patients, thus allowed us to recommend appropriate nutritional education to prevent the occurrence of diabetes mellitus and to put forward recommendations for the follow-up of CS patients, in particular with regard to the development of metabolic syndrome. We also suggest replacing the term obesity by abnormal fat distribution in CS, which should reduce the number of inappropriate diagnoses in patients who are referred only on the basis of intellectual deficiency associated with obesity.
Source: Human Molecular Genetics - November 5, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Limoge, F., Faivre, L., Gautier, T., Petit, J.-M., Gautier, E., Masson, D., Jego, G., El Chehadeh-Djebbar, S., Marle, N., Carmignac, V., Deckert, V., Brindisi, M.-C., Edery, P., Ghoumid, J., Blair, E., Lagrost, L., Thauvin-Robinet, C., Duplomb, L. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Curcumin protects against fructose‐induced podocyte insulin signaling impairment through upregulation of miR‐206
ConclusionCurcumin is suggested to activate miR‐206 expression to downregulate PTP1B, and then improve insulin signaling, protect against fructose‐induced glomerular podocyte injury, and proteinuria, which may provide new evidence regarding curcumin's effects on fructose‐associated podocyte injury.
Source: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research - October 15, 2015 Category: Food Science Authors: Xiao‐Qin Ding, Ting‐Ting Gu, Wei Wang, Lin Song, Tian‐Yu Chen, Qiao‐Chu Xue, Fan Zhou, Jian‐Mei Li, Ling‐Dong Kong Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

High glucose induces and activates Toll-like receptor 4 in endothelial cells of diabetic retinopathy
Conclusions: Our results revealed that hyperglycemia induced overexpression and activation of TLR4 in endothelial cells. This effect may lead to inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
Source: Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome - October 13, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lu WangJing WangJiazhu FangHongyan ZhouXialin LiuShao Su Source Type: research

Curcumin protects against fructose‐induced podocyte insulin signaling impairment through up‐regulation of miR‐206
ConclusionCurcumin may activate miR‐206 expression to down‐regulate PTP1B, and then improve insulin signaling, protect against fructose‐induced glomerular podocyte injury and proteinuria, which may provide new evidence regarding curcumin's effects on fructose‐associated podocyte injury.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Nahrung / Food - September 23, 2015 Category: Nutrition Authors: Xiao‐Qin Ding, Ting‐Ting Gu, Wei Wang, Lin Song, Tian‐Yu Chen, Qiao‐Chu Xue, Fan Zhou, Jian‐Mei Li, Ling‐Dong Kong Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Hepatic TLR4 Signaling in Obese NAFLD.
CONCLUSION: TLR4 expression is up-regulated in a large cohort of NASH patients, when compared to those with NAFL, and this occurs within the setting of increased LPS and fatty acids. PMID: 26113297 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - June 25, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Sharifnia T, Antoun J, Verriere TG, Suarez G, Wattacheril J, Wilson KT, Peek RM, Abumrad NN, Flynn CR Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: research

Parathyroid hormone-related protein, human adipose-derived Stem cells adipogenic capacity and healthy obesity.
CONCLUSIONS: PTHrP could be a potential new therapeutic target for the reprograming of adipogenesis and adipose tissue expansion, thus possibly ameliorating the metabolic syndrome in obese subjects. PMID: 25885945 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - April 17, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Roca-Rodríguez MM, Bekay RE, Garrido-Sanchez L, Gómez-Serrano M, Coin-Aragüez L, Oliva-Olivera W, Lhamyani S, Clemente-Postigo M, García-Santos E, Luna Diaz R, Yubero-Serrano EM, Real JF, Peral B, Tinahones FJ Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Pterostilbene and allopurinol reduce fructose-induced podocyte oxidative stress and inflammation via microRNA-377.
Abstract High dietary fructose is an important causative factor in the development of metabolic syndrome-associated glomerular podocyte oxidative stress and injury. Here, we identified microRNA-377 (miR-377) as a biomarker of oxidative stress in renal cortex of fructose-fed rats, which correlated with podocyte injury and albuminuria in metabolic syndrome. Fructose feeding increased miR-377 expression and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and activity, caused O2(•-) and H2O2 over-production in kidney cortex or glomeruli of rats. This ROS induction increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and thioredoxin-i...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - March 4, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Wang W, Ding XQ, Gu TT, Song L, Li JM, Xue QC, Kong LD Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Preserved Na/HCO3 cotransporter sensitivity to insulin may promote hypertension in metabolic syndrome
Preserved Na/HCO3 cotransporter sensitivity to insulin may promote hypertension in metabolic syndrome Kidney International 87, 535 (March 2015). doi:10.1038/ki.2014.351 Authors: Motonobu Nakamura, Osamu Yamazaki, Ayumi Shirai, Shoko Horita, Nobuhiko Satoh, Masashi Suzuki, Yoshifumi Hamasaki, Eisei Noiri, Haruki Kume, Yutaka Enomoto, Yukio Homma & George Seki
Source: Kidney International - February 27, 2015 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Motonobu NakamuraOsamu YamazakiAyumi ShiraiShoko HoritaNobuhiko SatohMasashi SuzukiYoshifumi HamasakiEisei NoiriHaruki KumeYutaka EnomotoYukio HommaGeorge Seki Tags: insulin resistance IRS1 IRS2 NBCe1 proximal tubule siRNA Source Type: research

Descriptive analysis of a novel health care approach: reverse colocation-primary care in a community mental health "home".
CONCLUSIONS: Colocated primary care services were allocated on the basis of severity of psychiatric impairment rather than severity of medical illness. This program serves as a model for other systems to employ for integrated primary and behavioral health services for patients with serious mental illness. PMID: 24511447 [PubMed]
Source: The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders - February 7, 2015 Category: Primary Care Tags: Prim Care Companion CNS Disord Source Type: research

Abstract 537: Toll-like receptor (TLR3) signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) depends on the tumor-associated long-noncoding RNA H19
HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Metabolic syndrome diseases are shown to facilitate the progression of HCC in industrial countries. Recent studies unraveled pivotal roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis. The controversy that the non-translated H19 mRNA harbors pro- as well as anti-tumorigenic potential shows that its function is poorly characterized. TLR3 plays a key role in the recognition of exogenous pathogen-associated dsRNA and even more importantly TLR3 is activated by endogenous injury-associated ligands. There is increasing evidence tha...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Paulus, P., Urbschat, A., Reissig, C., Zacharowski, K., Drose, S., Scheller, B., Tybl, E. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 2270: TRAIL-TZD combinatorial treatment induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells through modulation of AMPK signaling pathway
In this study we determined AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a potential target for TRAIL-TZD-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. AMPK is a family of serine/threonine protein kinase and is highly conserved from yeast to human. It consists of three subunits: a catalytic α subunit and regulatory β and γ subunits. AMPK is a well-accepted target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes. We used C42-DN (stably overexpressing AMPK α1-dominant negative) and C42-EV (empty vector) prostate cancer cell lines to study differences in TRAIL-TZD-induced apoptosis. Our studies showed a dose dependent ...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Santha, S., Majumdar, S., Viswakarma, N., Rana, A., Rana, B. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Atf3/Pdx-1/Hdac1 Axis Prompts Metabolic Syndrome Gene Regulation
Chronic ethanol consumption induces pancreatic β-cell dysfunction through glucokinase (Gck) nitration and down-regulation, leading to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Gck gene expression and promoter activity in pancreatic β-cells were suppressed by chronic ethanol exposure in vivo and in vitro, whereas expression of activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) and its binding to the putative Atf/Creb site (from −287 to −158 bp) on the Gck promoter were up-regulated. Furthermore, in vitro ethanol-induced Atf3 inhibited the p...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - September 25, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kim, J. Y., Hwang, J.-Y., Lee, D. Y., Song, E. H., Park, K. J., Kim, G. H., Jeong, E. A., Lee, Y. J., Go, M. J., Kim, D. J., Lee, S. S., Kim, B.-J., Song, J., Roh, G. S., Gao, B., Kim, W.-H. Tags: Molecular Bases of Disease Source Type: research

Insulin, NF-{kappa}B, and Myocardin Signaling in Cardiac Myoblasts Signal Transduction
Hyperinsulinemia contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in patients with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Here, high circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α may synergize with insulin in signaling inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy. We tested whether high insulin affects activation of TNF-α-induced NF-κB and myocardin/serum response factor (SRF) to convey hypertrophy signaling in cardiac myoblasts. In canine cardiac myoblasts, treatment with high insulin (10−8 to 10−7 m) for 0–24 h increased insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 phosphorylation at Ser-307, decreased protein leve...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - July 10, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Madonna, R., Geng, Y.-J., Bolli, R., Rokosh, G., Ferdinandy, P., Patterson, C., De Caterina, R. Tags: Gene Regulation Source Type: research