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Condition: Liver Disease

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Total 328 results found since Jan 2013.

Olanzapine leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through the apolipoprotein A5 pathway
This study investigated whether apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5) and sortilin, two interactive factors involved in NAFLD pathogenesis, are implicated in olanzapine-induced NAFLD. In our study, at week 8, olanzapine treatment successfully induced hepatic steatosis in female C57 BL/6 J mice, which was independent of body weight gain. Likewise, olanzapine effectively mediated hepatocyte steatosis in HepG2 cells characterized by substantially elevated intracellular lipid droplets. Increased plasma triglyceride concentration and decreased plasma apoA5 levels were observed in mice treated with 8-week olanzapine. Surprisingly, olanzapin...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - June 19, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rong Li Wenqiang Zhu Piaopiao Huang Yang Yang Fei Luo Wen Dai Li Shen Wenjing Pei Xiansheng Huang Source Type: research

TGR5 Attenuated Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Activating the Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Mice
In conclusion, the results indicated that TGR5 could effectively alleviated inflammation responsevia accelerating the activation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway during hepatic IRI, which may be meaningful in reducing related inflammatory molecules and adjusting inherent immunity.
Source: Inflammation - May 21, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Lipotoxicity reduces DDX58/Rig-1 expression and activity leading to impaired autophagy and cell death
This study uncovers the unexpected role of immune surveillance protein DDX58/Rig-1 (DExD/H box helicase 58) in activating macroautophagy/autophagy and protecting from lipotoxicity associated with NAFLD. Here we show for the first time that DDX58 protein is significantly reduced in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mouse model, an aggressive form of NAFLD characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the liver. In addition to decreased expression of DDX58, we found that DDX58 activity can be attenuated by treatments with palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid. To investigate whether PA inhibition of DDX58 is harmful t...
Source: Autophagy - May 10, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Karla K Frietze Alyssa M Brown Dividutta Das Raymond G Franks Jessie Lee Cunningham Michael Hayward Joseph T Nickels Source Type: research

Mesenchymal stromal cells protect hepatocytes from lipotoxicity through alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by restoring SERCA activity.
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate how mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) modulate metabolic balance and attenuate hepatic lipotoxicity in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In vivo, male SD rats were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to develop NAFLD; then, they were treated twice by intravenous injections of rat bone marrow MSCs. In vitro, HepG2 cells were cocultured with MSCs by transwell and exposed to palmitic acid (PA) for 24 hours. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor thapsigargin and sarco/ER Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA2)-specific siRNA were used to explore the regulation of ER s...
Source: J Cell Mol Med - February 16, 2021 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Li L, Zeng X, Liu Z, Chen X, Li L, Luo R, Liu X, Zhang J, Liu J, Lu Y, Cheng J, Chen Y Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

Empagliflozin Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis by Activating the AMPK-TET2-Autophagy Pathway in vivo and in vitro
Conclusion: Empagliflozin improves hepatic steatosis through the AMPK-TET2-autophagy pathway. The use of empagliflozin as a treatment for preventing and treating MAFLD in patients with T2DM warrants further study.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - January 20, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in cholestatic liver injury via the sphingosine 1-phosphate/S1P receptor 2/G α (12/13) /MAPK signaling pathway
AbstractNLRP3 inflammasome-driven inflammation represents a key trigger for hepatic fibrogenesis during cholestatic liver injury. However, whether sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays a role in NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation remains unknown. Here, we found that the expression of NLRP3 in macrophages and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were significantly elevated in the liver injured by bile duct ligation (BDL). In vitro, S1P promoted the NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation via S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) in bone marrow –derived monocyte/macrophages (BMMs). Focusing on BMMs, the gene silencing of Gα12 or G α13 ...
Source: Journal of Molecular Medicine - January 2, 2021 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Advantages and Challenges in nanomedicines for chronic liver diseases: a hepatologist's perspectives.
Abstract Chronic liver disease (CLD) is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. CLD patients are at a high risk of developing progressive liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and subsequent liver failure. To date, there is no specific and effective therapies exist for patients with various forms of CLD. The application of nanotechnology has emerged as a rapidly developing area of interest for the safe and target-specific delivery of poorly aqueous soluble hepatoprotective agents and nucleic acids (siRNA/miRNAs) in CLD. The nanoparticle combination improves bioavailabili...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - December 21, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ezhilarasan D Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Src-mediated Tyr353 phosphorylation of IP3R1 promotes its stability and causes apoptosis in palmitic acid-treated hepatocytes.
Conclusion: PA promotes the Tyr353 phosphorylation of IP3R1 by activating the src pathway and increasing the protein stability of IP3R1, which consequently results in mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatic cells. Our results also suggested that inhibition of the src/IP3R1 pathway, such as by SU6656, may be a novel potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of NAFLD. PMID: 33358861 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Cell Research - December 21, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Yu T, Zheng E, Li Y, Li Y, Xia J, Ding Q, Hou Z, Ruan XZ, Zhao L, Chen Y Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Activation of the AMPK-SIRT1 pathway contributes to protective effects of Salvianolic acid A against lipotoxicity in hepatocytes and NAFLD in mice
Conclusion: Our data uncover a novel mechanism for hepatoprotective effects of Sal A against lipotoxicity both in livers from HFCD-fed mice and palmitic acid-treated hepatocytes.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - November 30, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

TXNIP/VDUP1 attenuates steatohepatitis via autophagy and fatty acid oxidation.
Abstract Impaired macroautophagy/autophagy has been implicated in experimental and human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanism underlying autophagy dysregulation in NASH is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of TXNIP/VDUP1 (thioredoxin interacting protein), a key mediator of cellular stress responses, in the pathogenesis of NASH. Hepatic TXNIP expression was upregulated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and in methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice, as well as in palmitic acid (PA)-treated hepatocytes. Upregulation of hepatic TXNIP was p...
Source: Autophagy - November 16, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Park HS, Song JW, Park JH, Lim BK, Moon OS, Son HY, Lee JH, Gao B, Won YS, Kwon HJ Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

GPR40-Deficiency Is Associated with Hepatic FAT/CD36 Upregulation, Steatosis, Inflammation and Cell Injury in C57BL/6 Mice.
In this study, we fed wild-type or GPR40 knockout C57BL/6 mice high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks and then assessed the effect of GPR40-deficiency on HFD-induced NAFLD. Assays on metabolic parameters showed that HFD increased bodyweight, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and GPR40-deficiency did not mitigate the HFD-induced metabolic abnormalities. In contrast, we found that GPR40-deficiency was associated with increased bodyweight, insulin, insulin resistance, cholesterol and ALT in control mice fed low fat diet (LFD). Surprisingly, histology and Oil Red O staining showed ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 26, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Lu Z, Li Y, Syn WK, Li AJ, Ritter S, Wank SA, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

miR-34a regulates lipid metabolism by targeting SIRT1 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with iron overload.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the existence of a link between the liver cell mitochondria and miR-34a/SIRT1 signaling. Potential endogenous modulators of NAFLD pathogenesis may ultimately provide new tools for therapeutic intervention. PMID: 33098868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics - October 21, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wang L, Sun M, Cao Y, Ma L, Shen Y, Velikanova AA, Li X, Sun C, Zhao Y Tags: Arch Biochem Biophys Source Type: research

Hesperetin protects against palmitate-induced cellular toxicity via induction of GRP78 in hepatocytes.
In conclusion, hesperetin protected against palmitate-induced hepatic cell death via activation of the sXBP1/GRP78 signaling pathway, thus inhibiting palmitate-induced ER stress. Moreover, high concentrations of hesperetin induce ER stress and subsequently cause cell death in hepatocytes. PMID: 32763355 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - August 4, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Geng Y, Wu Z, Buist-Homan M, Blokzijl H, Moshage H Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Salvianic acid A alleviates chronic alcoholic liver disease by inhibiting HMGB1 translocation via down-regulating BRD4.
Abstract Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the major cause of chronic liver disease and a global health concern. ALD pathogenesis is initiated with liver steatosis, and ALD can progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Salvianic acid A (SAA) is a phenolic acid component of Danshen, a Chinese herbal medicine with possible hepatoprotective properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SAA on chronic alcoholic liver injury and its molecular mechanism. We found that SAA significantly inhibited alcohol-induced liver injury and ameliorated ethanol-induced...
Source: J Cell Mol Med - June 28, 2020 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lan Y, Yan R, Shan W, Chu J, Sun R, Wang R, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Zhang N, Yao J Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

TMEM88 modulates the secretion of inflammatory factors by regulating YAP signaling pathway in alcoholic liver disease
ConclusionsAll in all, these experimental outcomes indicated that TMEM88 had an indispensable impact on EtOH-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1 β) in RAW264.7 cells through YAP signaling pathway.
Source: Inflammation Research - May 24, 2020 Category: Research Source Type: research