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Total 406 results found since Jan 2013.

Beyond CAR T Cells: Other Cell-Based Immunotherapeutic Strategies Against Cancer
Conclusions: CAR T cell therapies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of harnessing our body's own defenses to combat tumor cells. Similar research is being conducted on lesser known modifications and gene-modified immune cells, which we highlight in this review. Introduction Chimeric antigen receptors and engineered T cell receptors (based on previously identified high affinity T cell receptors) function by redirecting T cells to a predefined tumor-specific (or tumor-associated) target. Most of these modifications use retroviral or lentiviral vectors to integrate the construct, and most of the receptors ...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

BKV Clearance Time Correlates With Exhaustion State and T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Shape of BKV-Specific T-Cells in Renal Transplant Patients
This study was approved by our local ethical review committee in compliance with the declaration of Helsinki. Informed and written consent was obtained from all patients (Ethic Committee Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany, EA2/028/13). The study cohort consisted of 7 kidney transplant recipients with sustained BKV reactivation (Table 1). The HLA typing for each patient and donor is summarized in Figure 1. TABLE 1 Table 1. Characteristics of patients with BKV reactivation. FIGURE 1 Figure 1. Recipient and donor HLA type. HLA type of the patients and their kidney donors. Black square i...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

NIH researchers make progress toward Epstein-Barr virus vaccine
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A research team led by scientists from NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has determined how several antibodies induced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpesvirus that causes infectious mononucleosis and is associated with certain cancers, block infection of cells grown in the laboratory. They then used this information to develop novel vaccine candidates that, in animals, elicited potent anti-EBV antibody responses that blocked infection of cell types involved in EBV-associated cancers.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - April 9, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

NF- κB Signaling in Macrophages: Dynamics, Crosstalk, and Signal Integration
Conclusions NF-κB is a master regulator of innate immune responses, and vital to many of the roles that macrophages and other innate immune cells play in orchestrating the inflammatory response to pathogens. In this review, we have outlined the many variables that influence the outcomes of NF-κB signaling, including those that are cell-, tissue-, and stimulus-specific. Over 30 years of research has illuminated the dynamics of this signaling pathway and the genes that are regulated by it, leading to many breakthroughs in how we understand NF-κB function. However, much of this information has come fr...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 8, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Editorial: Orchestration of an Immune Response to Respiratory Pathogens
Steven M. Varga1 and Andrea J. Sant2* 1Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States2Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Rochester, NY, United States Editorial on the Research Topic Orchestration of an Immune Response to Respiratory Pathogens This issue of Frontiers deals with the complex series of events and long-term consequences of immune responses to respiratory pathogens. In this issue, the contributors discuss the earliest events following infection, the alternative paths that the adaptive immune response can take an...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 8, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Mind the Gap: How Interspecies Variability in IgG and Its Receptors May Complicate Comparisons of Human and Non-human Primate Effector Function
Conclusions The sheer number of factors to consider when translating observations between macaques and humans makes the process a challenging, multidimensional one. Differences in the structures and activities of IgG subclasses, and polymorphisms in protein sequence and post-translational modification of antibody receptors are a subset of the many relevant considerations. Copy number variation, splice variants, and alleles with sequence variation outside of coding regions have been associated with a diversity of phenotypes in humans (183, 213–217), and are presumed to exist in NHP. A number of differences in the p...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 7, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 24, Pages 1142: Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Wheat Allergenicity in Animal Models: A Comprehensive Review
enugopal Gangur The prevalence of wheat allergy has reached significant levels in many countries. Therefore, wheat is a major global food safety and public health issue. Animal models serve as critical tools to advance the understanding of the mechanisms of wheat allergenicity to develop preventive and control methods. A comprehensive review on the molecular mechanisms of wheat allergenicity using animal models is unavailable at present. There were two major objectives of this study: To identify the lessons that animal models have taught us regarding the molecular mechanisms of wheat allergenicity and to identify the s...
Source: Molecules - March 21, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Yining Jin Harini G. Acharya Devansh Acharya Rick Jorgensen Haoran Gao James Secord Perry K. W. Ng Venugopal Gangur Tags: Review Source Type: research

Development of Attenuated and Immunogenic Live-attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Candidates
Despite decades of research, properly attenuated and immunogenic live-attenuated vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have remained elusive. Our goal in this study was to identify recombinant RSV bearing mutations in the NS1 gene that allow for increased production of IFN from infected cells and that are properly attenuated in animal models.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - February 1, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sandra L. Hornung, Kim C. Tran, Michael N. Teng Source Type: research

Induction of Immune Response and Protective Immunity by a Local Isolated Varicella Virus in Animal Model: A Future Candidates for Vaccine Production.
Abstract Preparation of the indigenous varicella zoster vaccine could significantly reduce the disease burden of varicella zoster virus especially in immunosuppressed children. To achieve this goal, the varicella zoster virus was isolated from an 8 years boy infected with chicken pox. The virus was cultivated in sensitive cell line and determined varicella zoster. The adaptation and attenuation of virus was carried out after several passages in MRC-5 cell culture, Primary Guinea pig embryo fibroblast cell culture and again switching in MRC-5 cell culture. The challenged of vaccine dose was found 3LogCCID50. Follow...
Source: Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - December 31, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Esna-Ashari F, Sabahi F, Ravanshad M, Mohammadi A Tags: Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol Source Type: research

CbpM and CbpG of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Elicit a High Protection in Mice Challenged with a Serotype 19F Pneumococcus.
This study aims to determine the immunogenicity of CbpM, CbpG and CbpL proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a mice model. The genes were cloned into pET21a expression vector and the recombinant proteins were produced. Mice were immunized with the purified recombinant proteins. Subsequently, the mice were challenged with S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (2×106 CFU) and their survival and bacterial clearances were followed 24 hours after infection. The antibody responses of the mice were determined by ELISA assay. The opsonophagocytosis assay was performed using rabbit's sera. Passive immunization was carried out using two doses...
Source: Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - December 3, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kazemian H, Afshar D, Garcia E, Pourmand MR, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Aminharati F, Shokri F, Yazdi MH Tags: Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol Source Type: research

Advancing Translational Science for Pulmonary NTM Infections: A Roadmap for Research.
CF, Winthrop KL, Zelazny AM Abstract Multiple studies conducted since the mid-1990's indicate increasing prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM PD) in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. This disease is often chronic, with lengthy treatment courses and a high risk of reinfection even after successful treatment. To identify critical gaps in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of NTM PD, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened a workshop on September 26, 2017, bringing together diverse experts in mycobacterial disease. Panels were organized in th...
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - November 14, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Daniel-Wayman S, Abate G, Barber DL, Bermudez LE, Coler RN, Cynamon MH, Daley CL, Davidson RM, Dick T, Floto RA, Henkle E, Holland SM, Jackson M, Lee RE, Nuermberger EL, Olivier KN, Ordway DJ, Prevots DR, Sacchettini JC, Salfinger M, Sassetti CM, Sizemore Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Antibodies
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes a highly lethal pulmonary infection with ~35% mortality. Currently there are no prophylactic measures or effective therapies. Inventors at the Vaccine Research Center of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases have identified and developed neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs) against the MERS-CoV. This invention describes antibodies that target the Spike (S) glycoprotein on the coronavirus surface, which mediates viral entry into host cells. These novel antibodies target different regions of the S protein, and when administered in combin...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - November 5, 2018 Category: Research Authors: ajoyprabhu3 Source Type: research

Prefusion Coronavirus Spike Proteins and Their Use
Coronaviruses (CoVs) can cause severe respiratory disease with high fatality rates in humans. The 2002-2003 SARS-CoV epidemic resulted in 8098 cases and 744 deaths, and MERS-CoV, which emerged in 2012, has resulted in 2144 cases and over 750 deaths as of March 2018. Currently, there are no effective prophylactic or therapeutic measures, and because other CoVs are poised to emerge as new human pathogens, there is a need to define a general CoV vaccine solution. Past efforts to develop CoV vaccines have used whole-inactivated virus, live-attenuated virus, recombinant protein subunit, or genetic approaches.CoV spike (S) prote...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - October 12, 2018 Category: Research Authors: ajoyprabhu3 Source Type: research

Understanding the Liver-Stage Biology of Malaria Parasites: Insights to Enable and Accelerate the Development of a Highly Efficacious Vaccine.
Abstract In August 2017, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened a meeting, entitled "Understanding the Liver-Stage Biology of Malaria Parasites to Enable and Accelerate the Development of a Highly Efficacious Vaccine," to discuss the needs and strategies to develop a highly efficacious, whole organism-based vaccine targeting the liver stage of malaria parasites. It was concluded that attenuated sporozoite platforms have proven to be promising approaches, and that late-arresting sporozoites could potentially offer greater vaccine performance than early-arresting sporozoites against malar...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - August 20, 2018 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Mo AX, McGugan G Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research