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Source: Frontiers in Immunology

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Total 269 results found since Jan 2013.

TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 Mediate TRAIL-Dependent Apoptosis in Activated Primary Human B Lymphocytes
In conclusion, this study provides a systematic analysis of the expression of TRAIL-Rs in human primary B cells and of their capacity to signal and induce apoptosis. This dataset forms a basis to further study and understand the dysregulation of TRAIL-Rs and TRAIL expression observed in autoimmune diseases. Additionally, it will be important to foresee potential bystander immunomodulation when TRAIL-R agonists are used in cancer treatment. Introduction The homeostasis of humoral immunity requires a tight control of generation, survival, activation and maturation of B lymphocytes. Therefore, pro-survival and pro-apo...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Blocking IL-19 Signaling Ameliorates Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the National Institutes of Health standards and guidelines for the care and use of experimental animals. The protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of National Cheng Kung University (IACUC NO. 107272 and 105077). Author Contributions J-YW and M-SC designed the study. Y-HW and Y-LL performed the experiments. Y-HW and W-YC analyzed the data. Y-HW, W-YC, and M-SC wrote the manuscript. W-YC and J-YW provided critical technical and scientific guidance and discussion. Funding This work was supported by research grant from the Ministry of Scien...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Comparison of Three Immunoassays for the Detection of Myositis Specific Antibodies
Conclusion: The data hold promise for advancements in standardization of MSA assays as well as for the potential inclusion of MSA in future classification criteria. Introduction Myositis specific (MSA) and myositis associated antibodies (MAA) have been used as an aid in the diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) for decades (1). Since many of the MSA (e.g., anti-synthetase antibodies), partly depending on the screening dilution, are accompanied by limited sensitivity of the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test, this method has limited utility as a screening test for suspected myositis (2–6)...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Hepatic Natural Killer Cells: Organ-Specific Sentinels of Liver Immune Homeostasis and Physiopathology
Joanna Mikulak1,2, Elena Bruni1,2, Ferdinando Oriolo1,2, Clara Di Vito1 and Domenico Mavilio1,2* 1Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy 2Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy The liver is considered a preferential tissue for NK cells residency. In humans, almost 50% of all intrahepatic lymphocytes are NK cells that are strongly imprinted in a liver-specific manner and show a broad spectrum of cellular heterogeneity. Hepatic NK (he-NK) cells play key roles in tuning liver immune response in b...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Functional Antibody Responses Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for TP53 Mutant pre-B-ALL in a Patient With X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia
Discussion This case demonstrates successful cure of pre-B-ALL complicating XLA by alloSCT with restoration of B-cell development and functional antibody response. We are aware of only one previous case of pre-B-ALL in an XLA patient (21), which suggests that human BTK deficiency in itself does not predispose to pre-B-ALL. However, there are data to suggest that BTK may act as a tumor suppressor, and BTK deficiency may predispose to tumor development following a “second hit.” Mice with a genetic deficiency in Slp65, a gene encoding an adaptor protein that functions together with BTK, have a block in proge...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 Negatively Regulates the Oxidative Burst in Human Neutrophils
In conclusion, we unraveled a mechanism of immune evasion of Kpn KPC ST258, which may contribute to design more effective strategies for the treatment of these multi-resistant bacterial infections. Introduction Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn) is a Gram-negative pathogen causing a wide range of infections from urinary tract infections to pneumonia. Kpn is a member of the so-called ESKAPE group of microorganisms, a term that emphasizes the fact that they effectively “escape” the effects of antibacterial drugs (1). Antimicrobial resistance is a significant problem for the treatment of infectious diseases cau...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

LAIR-1 Limits Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation
In conclusion, the immune inhibitory receptor LAIR-1 suppresses neutrophil tissue migration and acts as a negative regulator of neutrophil-driven airway inflammation during lung diseases. Following our recent observations in humans, this study provides crucial in-vivo evidence that LAIR-1 is a promising target for pharmacological intervention in such pathologies. Introduction The lungs are constantly exposed to potential pathogens and other harmful agents. To protect against sudden incursions, neutrophils patrol the lung capillaries. A rapid and robust neutrophil response is crucial to antimicrobial defense (1, 2). N...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Non-classical B Cell Memory of Allergic IgE Responses
Sean P. Saunders1, Erica G. M. Ma1,2, Carlos J. Aranda1 and Maria A. Curotto de Lafaille1,3* 1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States 2Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, United States 3Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States The long-term effectiveness of antibody responses relies on the development of humoral immune memory. Humoral immunity is maintained by long-lived plasma ce...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

T Cell Receptor Expression Timing and Signal Strength in the Functional Differentiation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells
Nyambayar Dashtsoodol1,2*, Sabrina Bortoluzzi1 and Marc Schmidt-Supprian1* 1Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia The CD1d-restricted Vα14 invariant NKT (iNKT) cell lineage in mice (Vα24 in humans) represents an evolutionary conserved innate-like immune cell type that recognizes glycolipid antigens. Because of their unique a...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Innate Lymphoid Cells: Expression of PD-1 and Other Checkpoints in Normal and Pathological Conditions
Conclusions and Future Perspectives It is now evident that NK/ILC family plays a pivotal role in the immune defenses. Recent studies in murine and human settings demonstrated that the expression of several inhibitory checkpoints, that may be detrimental in the tumor context, is not restricted to T lymphocytes, revealing an important, yet poorly appreciated, contribution of their expression on innate immune cells. Thus, in the recent years different immunotherapy approaches, based on the blockade of inhibitory NK cell receptors, have been developed in order to unleash NK cell cytotoxicity. This is particularly important in...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Metabolic Control of Dendritic Cell Functions: Digesting Information
In conclusion, a delicate balance of the complex system of nutrient sensing and mTOR (mTORC1) signaling is crucial to ensure appropriate development of DCs (23). Strikingly, loss of both mTOR complexes results in opposite effects on in vivo DC development compared with loss of mTORC1 alone, probably indicating differential inhibition of mTOR downstream targets and collaboration of mTOR complexes. Indeed, DC loss upon TSC1 deficiency is accompanied by increased DC apoptosis and enhanced metabolic activity due to TSC1-dependent inhibition of Myc, an effector downstream of mTOR (Figure 1), and reversed upon Myc loss (35). Of ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 24, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Differentiation in vitro of Human Tonsil B Cells With the Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of T-bet+ Atypical Memory B Cells in Malaria
This study was conducted in the rural village of Kalifabougou, Mali where intense P. falciparum transmission occurs from June to December each year. Isolation of Tonsil B Cells Tonsils were mechanically disrupted in complete RPMI (RPMI 1640 with L-glutamine supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 1% MEM nonessential amino acids, 50 μM 2-mercaptoethanol, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and 25 mM HEPES, pH 7.2–7.5 [all from GIBCO, Invitrogen]) and passed through a 70-μm cell strainer to make a single cell suspension. B cells were then negatively selecte...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Insights Into Dolphins' Immunology: Immuno-Phenotypic Study on Mediterranean and Atlantic Stranded Cetaceans
This study was aimed at implementing the knowledge on the immune response in cetaceans stranded along the Italian coastline to provide a baseline useful for assessing the immune status of bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and striped (Stenella coeruleoalba) dolphins. In particular, since the Mediterranean Sea is considered a heavily polluted basin, a comparison with animals living in open waters such as the Atlantic Ocean was made. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded spleen, thymus, and lymph node tissues from 16 animals stranded along Italian and 11 cetaceans from the Canary Island shores were sampled within 48 h from death. ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Th2-TRMs Maintain Life-Long Allergic Memory in Experimental Asthma in Mice
This study was carried out in strict accordance with the guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals of the Austrian Ministry of Science. The protocol was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of the Austrian Ministry of Science (Number: GZ: 66.009/0330-II/3b/2013). All painful procedures were performed under anesthesia, and all efforts were made to minimize suffering. Author Contributions BB designed and performed experiments, analyzed the samples and contributed to the manuscript preparation. SK designed and performed experiments, analyzed the samples and contributed to the manuscript preparation. LA perfor...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Anaphylaxis in Elderly Patients —Data From the European Anaphylaxis Registry
Conclusion: Anaphylaxis in the elderly is often caused by insect venoms and drugs. These patients suffer more often from cardiovascular symptoms, receive more frequently adrenaline and require more often hospitalization. The data indicate that anaphylaxis in the elderly tends to be more frequently life threatening and patients require intensified medical intervention. The data support the need to recognize anaphylaxis in this patient group, which is prone to be at a higher risk for a fatal outcome. Introduction The incidence of anaphylaxis, which may occur at any age, is rising in Western countries (1, 2). While life...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research