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Source: Frontiers in Immunology
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Total 269 results found since Jan 2013.
Store-Operated Calcium Entry via STIM1 Contributes to MRGPRX2 Induced Mast Cell Functions
In this study, using complementary pharmacologic and genetic ablation approaches we demonstrate that SOCE through STIM1 promotes MRGPRX2-induced human mast cell response in vitro. Importantly, SOCE also critically modulates MrgprB2 (mouse ortholog of human MRGPRX2) dependent inflammation in in vivo mouse models of pseudo-allergy. Collectively, our data suggests that MRGPRX2/MrgprB2 activation of mast cells is dependent on SOCE via STIM1, and further characterization of the MRGPRX2-SOCE-STIM1 pathway will lead to the identification of novel targets for the treatment of pseudo-allergic reactions in humans.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - January 20, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
ILC2s: New Actors in Tumor Immunity
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent the most recently identified family of innate lymphocytes that act as first responders, maintaining tissue homeostasis and protecting epithelial barriers. In the last few years, group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) have emerged as key regulators in several immunological processes such as asthma and allergy. Whilst ILC2s are currently being evaluated as novel targets for immunotherapy in these diseases, their involvement in tumor immunity has only recently begun to be deciphered. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the pleiotropic roles of ILC2s in different tumor settings. Furthermore, we di...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - December 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Autoimmunity and Allergy: Immune Complexes at Work
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been initially described as main actors in host defense owing to their ability to immobilize and sometimes kill microorganisms. Subsequent studies have demonstrated their implication in the pathophysiology of various diseases, due to the toxic effects of their main components on surrounding tissues. Several distinct NETosis pathways have been described in response to various triggers. Among these triggers, IgG immune complexes (IC) play an important role since they induce robust NET release upon binding to activating FcγRs on neutrophils. Few in vitro studies have documented the ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - December 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Conservation Analysis of B-Cell Allergen Epitopes to Predict Clinical Cross-Reactivity Between Shellfish and Inhalant Invertebrate Allergens
Understanding and predicting an individual's clinical cross-reactivity to related allergens is a key to better management, treatment and progression of novel therapeutics for food allergy. In food allergy, clinical cross-reactivity is observed in patients reacting to unexpected allergen sources containing the same allergenic protein or antibody binding patches (epitopes), often resulting in severe allergic reactions. Shellfish allergy affects up to 2% of the world population and persists for life in most patients. The diagnosis of shellfish allergy is however often challenging due to reported clinical cross-reactivity to o...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 18, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Context Dependent Role of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Allergic Skin Inflammation
This article reviews the role of ILC in allergic skin diseases with a major focus on ILC2. While group 2 ILC are suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 dominated inflammation as seen in atopic dermatitis, we have shown that lack of ILC2 in type 1 dominated contact hypersensitivity results in enhanced inflammation, suggesting a regulatory role of ILC2 in this context. We provide a concept of how ILC2 may influence context dependent the mutual counterbalance between type I and type II immune responses in allergic skin diseases.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 5, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Inoculating a New Generation: Immunology in Medical Education
We present our perspective, using as our model a first-year medical school course entitled Host Defense. As the name suggests, immunology is the overarching principle that links the multiple subjects in the course. We address a range of immunologically relevant topics, including innate and adaptive immunity, vaccines, inflammation, allergy, tumor immunotherapy, transplantation, and autoimmunity. These topics are integrated with the fields of infectious diseases, pathology, clinical laboratory testing, and public health, to illustrate how the basic science discoveries in immunology are relevant to clinical practice. The cou...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - October 31, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Maturation of Gut Microbiota and Circulating Regulatory T Cells and Development of IgE Sensitization in Early Life
We describe here an infant Treg phenotype characterized by high Treg frequency, the maturation of Treg population characterized by a decrease in their frequency accompanied with an increase in the highly activated Treg cells. These changes in Treg population associated first with the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium longum followed by increasing colonization with butyrate producing bacteria. High bifidobacterial abundance in the neonatal microbiota appeared to be protective, while colonization with Bacteroides and E. coli was associated with later risk of allergy. Estonian children with lower risk of IgE mediated alle...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - October 22, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Allergic Bone Marrow? The Immuno-Capacity of the Human Bone Marrow in Context of Metal-Associated Hypersensitivity Reactions
Arthroplasty ranks among the greatest achievements of surgical medicine, with total hip replacement termed “the operation of the century.” Despite its wide success, arthroplasty bears risks, such as local reactions to implant derived wear and corrosion products. Prevalence of allergies across Western society increases and along the number of reported hypersensitivity reactions to orthopedic implant materials. In this context the main focus is on delayed hypersensitivity (DTH). This mechanism is mainly attributed to T cells and an overreaction of the adaptive immune system. Arthroplasty implant materials are in direct c...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Influences of Maternal Factors Over Offspring Allergies and the Application for Food Allergy
The prevalence of food allergy has been steadily rising worldwide with the highest incidence noted among younger children, and increasingly recognized as a growing public concern. Allergic reactions to foods often occur on the first known ingestion, suggesting that exposure of offspring to food allergens may occur in utero and/or through breast milk. This creates a milieu that shapes the neonatal immune response to these allergens. However, the effects of maternal allergen exposure and maternal sensitization with allergens on development of allergies in offspring remain controversial. This review discusses recent advances ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 22, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Hymenoptera Venom Allergy: How Does Venom Immunotherapy Prevent Anaphylaxis From Bee and Wasp Stings?
Hymenoptera stings may cause both local and systemic allergic reactions and sometimes even life threatening anaphylaxis. Along with pharmaceutical drugs and foods, hymenoptera venom is one of the most common causes of anaphylaxis in humans. To date, no parameter has been identified that may predict which sensitized people will have a future anaphylactic reaction, however many risk factors such as mast cell activation syndromes associated with the severity of the re-sting reaction are known. Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the most effective method of treatment for people who had systemic reactions to an insect sting, which is...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 20, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Fecal Changes Following Introduction of Milk in Infants With Outgrowing Non-IgE Cow's Milk Protein Allergy Are Influenced by Previous Consumption of the Probiotic LGG
Conclusions: These findings indicate that the introduction of intact milk proteins is followed by modifications in the infant gut environment through changes in immune mediators, microbiota and its metabolic end-products. Consumption of probiotics during CMPA may contribute to gut homeostasis by fine-tuning these profiles.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 1, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Bridging the Gap: Modulatory Roles of the Grb2-Family Adaptor, Gads, in Cellular and Allergic Immune Responses
Antigen receptor signaling pathways are organized by adaptor proteins. Three adaptors, LAT, Gads and SLP-76, form a heterotrimeric complex that mediates signaling by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and by the mast cell high affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI). In both pathways, antigen recognition triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT and SLP-76. The recruitment of SLP-76 to phospho-LAT is bridged by Gads, a Grb2 family adaptor composed of two SH3 domains flanking a central SH2 domain and an unstructured linker region. The LAT-Gads-SLP-76 complex is further incorporated into larger microclusters that mediate antigen re...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - July 24, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
When WAS Gene Diagnosis Is Needed: Seeking Clues Through Comparison Between Patients With Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome and Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Conclusion: The WAS gene diagnosis should be considered in all males with ITP-like features, especially for patients with a very early onset age, decreased MPV (
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - July 8, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Environmental and Molecular Drivers of the α-Gal Syndrome
The α-Gal syndrome (AGS) is a type of allergy characterized by an IgE antibody (Ab) response against the carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal), which is present in glycoproteins from tick saliva and tissues of non-catarrhine mammals. Recurrent tick bites induce high levels of anti-α-Gal IgE Abs that mediate delayed hypersensitivity to consumed red meat products in humans. Initially, it was thought that the origin of tick-derived α-Gal was either residual blood meal mammalian glycoproteins containing α-Gal or tick gut bacteria producing this glycan. However, recently tick galactosyltransferases were shown to...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Mast Cells and Their Progenitors in Allergic Asthma
Mast cells and their mediators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergy for decades. Allergic asthma is a complex chronic lung disease in which several different immune cells, genetic factors and environmental exposures influence the pathology. Mast cells are key players in the asthmatic response through secretion of a multitude of mediators with pro-inflammatory and airway-constrictive effects. Well-known mast cell mediators, such as histamine and bioactive lipids are responsible for many of the physiological effects observed in the acute phase of allergic reactions. The accumulation of mast cells at...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 28, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
