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Source: Frontiers in Immunology
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Total 269 results found since Jan 2013.
Preventive Allergen-Specific Vaccination Against Allergy: Mission Possible?
Vaccines for infectious diseases have improved the life of the human species in a tremendous manner. The principle of vaccination is to establish de novo adaptive immune response consisting of antibody and T cell responses against pathogens which should defend the vaccinated person against future challenge with the culprit pathogen. The situation is completely different for immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy, an immunologically-mediated hypersensitivity which is already characterized by increased IgE antibody levels and T cell responses against per se innocuous antigens (i.e., allergens). Thus, allergic patients suf...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - July 6, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Mechanisms of Particles in Sensitization, Effector Function and Therapy of Allergic Disease
Humans have always been in contact with natural airborne particles from many sources including biologic particulate matter (PM) which can exhibit allergenic properties. With industrialization, anthropogenic and combustion-derived particles have become a major fraction. Currently, an ever-growing number of diverse and innovative materials containing engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are being developed with great expectations in technology and medicine. Nanomaterials have entered everyday products including cosmetics, textiles, electronics, sports equipment, as well as food, and food packaging. As part of natural evolution hum...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 29, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effects of Microbial SCFAs on Intestinal Tolerance and Food Allergy
A body of evidence suggests that food allergy (FA) has increased in prevalence over the past few decades. Novel findings support the hypothesis that some commensal bacteria and particularly microbial metabolites might contribute to development of oral tolerance and prevention from FA. Recently, beneficial effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main class of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, on FA have been proposed. The intestinal SCFAs are major end products during bacterial fermentation of complex and non-digestible carbohydrates such as dietary fiber. The multifaceted mechanisms underlying beneficial effects ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 15, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Circadian Regulation of the Biology of Allergic Disease: Clock Disruption Can Promote Allergy
Allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy are characterized by epithelial barrier dysfunction and deregulated immune responses. Components of the circadian clock interact with critical elements of epithelial barrier function and immune responses, and regulate the biological processes on a 24-h cycle at steady state. This may represent an anticipatory defense response to day–night fluctuation of attack by noxious stimuli such as pathogens in the environment. This review will summarize clock control of epithelial barrier function and immune responses associated with allergic d...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 11, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
A Comprehensive Review on Natural Bioactive Compounds and Probiotics as Potential Therapeutics in Food Allergy Treatment
Food allergy is rising at an alarming rate and is a major public health concern. Globally, food allergy affects over 500 million people, often starting in early childhood and increasingly reported in adults. Commercially, only one approved oral immunotherapy-based treatment is currently available and other allergen-based immunotherapeutic are being investigated in clinical studies. As an alternative approach, a substantial amount of research has been conducted on natural compounds and probiotics, focusing on the immune modes of action, and therapeutic uses of such sources to tackle various immune-related diseases. Food all...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 21, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Immunomodulation by Human Milk Oligosaccharides: The Potential Role in Prevention of Allergic Diseases
The prevalence and incidence of allergic diseases is rising and these diseases have become the most common chronic diseases during childhood in Westernized countries. Early life forms a critical window predisposing for health or disease. Therefore, this can also be a window of opportunity for allergy prevention. Postnatally the gut needs to mature, and the microbiome is built which further drives the training of infant's immune system. Immunomodulatory components in breastmilk protect the infant in this crucial period by; providing nutrients that contain substrates for the microbiome, supporting intestinal barrier function...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 6, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Specific Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Can Modulate in vitro Human moDC2s and Subsequent Th2 Cytokine Release
Allergy is becoming a rapidly increasing problem worldwide, and in vitro models are frequently used to study the mechanisms behind the different types of allergic response. The dendritic cell (DC)–T-cell model can be used to study sensitization. However, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is often used to maturate the DCs, but it gives rise to a DC1 phenotype, whereas Th2-driven inflammatory diseases such as allergy are characterized by the involvement of the DC2 phenotype. Our aim was to create a DC2–T-cell human model (human moDC2s) to study in vitro sensitization and validate the model using polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Osthole, a Natural Plant Derivative Inhibits MRGPRX2 Induced Mast Cell Responses
Mast cells are tissue-resident innate immune cells known for their prominent role in mediating allergic reactions. MAS-related G-protein coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2) is a promiscuous G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed on mast cells that is activated by several ligands that share cationic and amphipathic properties. Interestingly, MRGPRX2 ligands include certain FDA-approved drugs, antimicrobial peptides, and neuropeptides. Consequently, this receptor has been implicated in causing mast cell-dependent pseudo-allergic reactions to these drugs and chronic inflammation associated with asthma, urticaria and rosacea in...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Microbiome Composition and Its Impact on the Development of Allergic Diseases
Allergic diseases, such as food allergy (FA), atopic dermatitis (AD), and asthma, are heterogeneous inflammatory immune-mediated disorders that currently constitute a public health issue in many developed countries worldwide. The significant increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases reported over the last few years has closely paralleled substantial environmental changes both on a macro and micro scale, which have led to reduced microbial exposure in early life and perturbation of the human microbiome composition. Increasing evidence shows that early life interactions between the human microbiome and the immune cells...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 22, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Tim-4 in Health and Disease: Friend or Foe?
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4 (Tim-4) is a phosphatidylserine receptor and is selectively expressed on antigen presenting cells. Recently, Tim-4 was reported to be expressed on iNKT cells, B1 cells, and tumor cells, suggesting it has multiple biological functions. In this review, we mainly summarize the expression and regulation of Tim-4 in immune cells including T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, NKT cells, B cells, and mast cells. The expression of Tim-4 in these cells implies that Tim-4 might participate in immune related diseases. Emerging evidence emphasizes a substantial role for Tim-4 in ma...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 1, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Preferential HLA-B27 Allorecognition Displayed by Multiple Cross-Reactive Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Receptors
T cells provide essential immunosurveillance to combat and eliminate infection from pathogens, yet these cells can also induce unwanted immune responses via T cell receptor (TCR) cross-reactivity, also known as heterologous immunity. Indeed, pathogen-induced TCR cross-reactivity has shown to be a common, robust, and functionally potent mechanism that can trigger a spectrum of human immunopathologies associated with either transplant rejection, drug allergy, and autoimmunity. Here, we report that several virus-specific CD8+ T cells directed against peptides derived from chronic viruses (EBV, CMV, and HIV-1) presented by hig...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 18, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Engineered Nanomaterials and Type I Allergic Hypersensitivity Reactions
Type I allergic hypersensitivity disorders (atopy) including asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy are on the rise in developed and developing countries. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) span a large spectrum of material compositions including carbonic, metals, polymers, lipid-based, proteins, and peptides and are being utilized in a wide range of industries including healthcare and pharmaceuticals, electronics, construction, and food industry, and yet, regulations for the use of ENMs in consumer products are largely lacking. Prior evidence has demonstrated the potential of ENMs to induce and/or agg...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 13, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Training the Fetal Immune System Through Maternal Inflammation —A Layered Hygiene Hypothesis
Over the last century, the alarming surge in allergy and autoimmune disease has led to the hypothesis that decreasing exposure to microbes, which has accompanied industrialization and modern life in the Western world, has fundamentally altered the immune response. In its current iteration, the “hygiene hypothesis” suggests that reduced microbial exposures during early life restricts the production and differentiation of immune cells suited for immune regulation. Although it is now well-appreciated that the increase in hypersensitivity disorders represents a “perfect storm” of many contributing factors, we argue her...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 10, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Various Tastes of Sugar: The Potential of Glycosylation in Targeting and Modulating Human Immunity via C-Type Lectin Receptors
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are important in several immune regulatory processes. These receptors recognize glycans expressed by host cells or by pathogens. Whereas pathogens are recognized through their glycans, which leads to protective immunity, aberrant cellular glycans are now increasingly recognized as disease-driving factors in cancer, auto-immunity, and allergy. The vast variety of glycan structures translates into a wide spectrum of effects on the immune system ranging from immune suppression to hyper-inflammatory responses. CLRs have distinct expression patterns on antigen presenting cells (APCs) controlling t...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 6, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
SG-SP1 Suppresses Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Inflammation via Inhibition of Fc εRI Signaling
Conclusions: We determined that SG-SP1 directly interacts with FcεRI and propose SG-SP1 as a therapeutic candidate for mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory disorders via inhibition of FcεRI signaling.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - January 27, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
