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Source: Frontiers in Immunology
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Total 269 results found since Jan 2013.
The Regulatory Function of CCR9+ Dendritic Cells in Inflammation and Autoimmunity
Chemokine receptor CCR9 is a G protein–coupled receptor and expressed on several types of immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), CD4+ T cells, and B cells. CCR9 drives the migration of immune cells to gradients of its cognate ligand CCL25. The chemokine CCL25 is mostly produced by gut and thymic epithelial cells. Gut- and thymic-homing DCs are known to express CCR9, and these cells are predominantly localized in the gut lining and thymus. CCR9+ DCs are implicated in regulating inflammation, food allergy, alloimmunity, and autoimmunity. Differential interaction of CCR9+ DCs with lymphoid and myeloid cells in the t...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - October 1, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Probiotics in Medicine: A Long Debate
During the last years probiotics gained the attention of clinicians for their use in the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases. Probiotics main mechanisms of action include enhanced mucosal barrier function, direct antagonism with pathogens, inhibition of bacterial adherence and invasion capacity in the intestinal epithelium, boosting of the immune system and regulation of the central nervous system. It is accepted that there is a mutual communication between the gut microbiota and the liver, the so-called “microbiota-gut-liver axis” as well as a reciprocal communication between the intestinal microbiota and th...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 24, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Hyper-Inflammatory Monocyte Activation Following Endotoxin Exposure in Food Allergic Infants
In this study, detailed immune cell and cytokine profiling was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells at baseline from 27 1 year old infants in the HealthNuts cohort (n = 16 egg allergic and n = 11 non-allergic healthy controls) and following monocyte stimulation. We show that egg allergic infants have increased frequency of circulating monocytes, reduced numbers of regulatory CD4 T cells and increased monocyte: CD4 T cell ratios relative to healthy controls. Monocytes from both egg allergic and non-allergic infants responded to endotoxin stimulation with rapid cytokine production and downregulation of the surface...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 23, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Administration of Extensive Hydrolysates From Caseins and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Probiotic Does Not Prevent Cow ’s Milk Proteins Allergy in a Mouse Model
ConclusionNeither specific nor nonspecific preventive effects of administration of casein-derived peptides on the development of CMP food allergy were evidenced in our experimental setup. Further studies should be conducted to delineate the mechanisms involved in the immunostimulatory potential of LGG and to clarify its significance in clinical use.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 10, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
What Can Parasites Tell Us About the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Asthma and Allergic Diseases
The same mechanisms that enable host defense against helminths also drive allergic inflammation. This suggests that pathomechanisms of allergic diseases represent evolutionary old responses against helminth parasites and that studying antihelminth immunity may provide insights into pathomechanisms of asthma. However, helminths have developed an intricate array of immunoregulatory mechanisms to modulate type 2 immune mechanisms. This has led to the hypothesis that the lack of helminth infection may contribute to the rise in allergic sensitization in modern societies. Indeed, the anti-inflammatory potential of helminth (worm...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 10, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Potential of Clinical Decision Support Systems for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Monitoring of Allergic Diseases
Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) aid health care professionals (HCP) in evaluating large sets of information and taking informed decisions during their clinical routine. CDSS are becoming particularly important in the perspective of precision medicine, when HCP need to consider growing amounts of data to create precise patient profiles for personalized diagnosis, treatment and outcome monitoring. In allergy care, several CDSS are being developed and investigated, mainly for respiratory allergic diseases. Although the proposed solutions address different stakeholders, the majority aims at facilitating evidence-based...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 9, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
In vivo Induction of Functional Inhibitory IgG Antibodies by a Hypoallergenic Bet v 1 Variant
Allergic sensitization to the major allergen Bet v 1 represents the dominating factor inducing a vast variety of allergic symptoms in birch pollen allergic patients worldwide, including the pollen food allergy syndrome. In order to overcome the huge socio-economic burden associated with allergic diseases, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) as a curative strategy to manage the disease was introduced. Still, many hurdles related to this treatment exist making AIT not the patients’ first choice. To improve the current situation, the development of hypoallergen-based drug products has raised attention in the last decade. ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 2, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Structural Aspects of the Allergen-Antibody Interaction
The development of allergic disease involves the production of IgE antibodies upon allergen exposure in a process called sensitization. IgE binds to receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils, and subsequent allergen exposure leads to cross-linking of IgE antibodies and release of cell mediators that cause allergy symptoms. Although this process is quite well-understood, very little is known about the epitopes on the allergen recognized by IgE, despite the importance of the allergen-antibody interaction for the allergic response to occur. This review discusses efforts to analyze allergen-antibody interactions, fr...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 1, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Research Progress in Atopic March
The incidence of allergic diseases continues to rise. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have indicated that allergic diseases occur in a time-based order: from atopic dermatitis and food allergy in infancy to gradual development into allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis in childhood. This phenomenon is defined as the “atopic march”. Some scholars have suggested that the atopic march does not progress completely in a temporal pattern with genetic and environmental factors. Also, the mechanisms underlying the atopic march are incompletely understood. Nevertheless, the concept of the atopic march provides a new pe...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 26, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Basophil Activation as Marker of Clinically Relevant Allergy and Therapy Outcome
For some years now the basophil activation test (BAT) using flow cytometry has emerged as a powerful tool and sensitive marker that can be used to detect clinically relevant allergies, provide information on the severity of an allergic reaction, and monitor therapies. Compared to other in vitro diagnostic tests, BAT seems to have a better informative value in terms of clinical relevance. In general, the BAT can be used for the diagnosis of the most common forms of IgE-mediated allergy such as hymenoptera venom allergy, inhalant allergy, food allergy, and drug allergy. Various basophil markers and parameters have been estab...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 20, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Editorial: Insights Into the Etiology, Prevention, and Treatment of Food Allergy
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 20, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Using Clinical Cases to Restore Basic Science Immunology Knowledge in Physicians and Senior Medical Students
The majority of medical students and many physicians find basic science immunology confusing and the teaching of immunology to be uninteresting. Physicians undergoing training in a range of disciplines treat patients with immunological disease, including allergy/immunology and rheumatology. It is essential for senior medical students and physicians to understand the pathology of immune diseases and the pharmacology of immune interventions. In order to optimize this learning, underlying concepts of basic immunology need to be revised, or sometimes learned for the first time. Teachers may need to overcome baseline attitudina...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 18, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Therapeutic Potential of the Intestinal Microbiota for Immunomodulation of Food Allergies
Food allergy is an atopic disease that is caused by the immune system targeting harmless food antigens that can result in life-threatening anaphylaxis. As humans and microbes have co-evolved, inevitably commensal microbes have a tremendous impact on our health. As such, the gut with its enormous microbial richness reflects a highly tolerogenic environment at steady state, in which immune cells are educated to react in a well-calibrated manner to food and microbial antigens. Recent evidence indicates that the susceptibility to food allergy is critically linked to microbial dysbiosis and can be transmitted by microbial trans...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 13, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Prevention of Allergy to a Major Cow's Milk Allergen by Breastfeeding in Mice Depends on Maternal Immune Status and Oral Exposure During Lactation
Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the strong potential of breastmilk to modulate immune response to a major cow's milk allergen in the progeny. It highlights the importance of maternal immune status and of her consumption of the allergen during lactation in dictating the outcomes in offspring. This opens perspectives where modulating maternal immune status might increase the chance of cow's milk allergy prevention in breastfed children.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - July 20, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
B Cell Responses in the Development of Mammalian Meat Allergy
Studies of meat allergic patients have shown that eating meat poses a serious acute health risk that can induce severe cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and respiratory reactions. Allergic reactions in affected individuals following meat consumption are mediated predominantly by IgE antibodies specific for galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), a blood group antigen of non-primate mammals and therefore present in dietary meat. α-gal is also found within certain tick species and tick bites are strongly linked to meat allergy. Thus, it is thought that exposure to tick bites promotes cutaneous sensitization to tick antigens such as...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - July 16, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
