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Total 650 results found since Jan 2013.

Immune functions of C ‐type lectins in medical arthropods
This article reviews the current understanding of the structure, function, and signaling pathways involved in CTLs derived from important medical arthropods.
Source: Insect Science - January 20, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Zhihao Ming, Zhiqiang Chen, Hao Tong, Xia Zhou, Tingting Feng, Dai Jianfeng Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Expanding Research Capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa Through Informatics, Bioinformatics, and Data Science Training Programs in Mali
Conclusion Bioinformatics and data science training programs in developing countries necessitate incremental and collaborative strategies for their feasible and sustainable development. The progress described here covered decades of collaborative efforts centered on training and research on computationally intensive topics. These efforts laid the groundwork and platforms conducive for hosting a bioinformatics and data science training program in Mali. Training programs are perhaps best facilitated through Africa’s university systems as they are perhaps best positioned to maintain core resources during lapses in sho...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 11, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Vaccines, Antibodies and Drug Libraries. The Possible COVID-19 Treatments Researchers Are Excited About
In early April, about four months after a new, highly infectious coronavirus was first identified in China, an international group of scientists reported encouraging results from a study of an experimental drug for treating the viral disease known as COVID-19. It was a small study, reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, but showed that remdesivir, an unapproved drug that was originally developed to fight Ebola, helped 68% of patients with severe breathing problems due to COVID-19 to improve; 60% of those who relied on a ventilator to breathe and took the drug were able to wean themselves off the machines after 18...
Source: TIME: Health - April 14, 2020 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Alice Park Tags: Uncategorized COVID-19 Source Type: news

The Effect of Employment on Delinquent Behavior Among Youth in Hidden Situation
ConclusionResults showed that 15.1% of youths in hidden situations had jobs. They mainly worked in an Internet-based, home-based manner, with some of them being self-employed or working as freelancers, and they were able to make money from their jobs. This suggests that these youths’ being jobless is a prejudice; they are not necessarily those who lack social status as described in previous literature [e.g., Refs. (11, 12, 76)] but can engage in work during prolonged seclusion as their preferred lifestyle and use it to support their lives. Also, the relationship between employment and delinquent behavior was signifi...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 23, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Auranofin, an Anti-rheumatic Gold Drug, Aggravates the Radiation-Induced Acute Intestinal Injury in Mice
Conclusion In this study, we found that a non-toxic dose of auranofin significantly aggravated the severity of the radiation-induced intestinal injury. This suggests that auranofin treatment can be an independent factor that influences the risk of intestinal complications after pelvic or abdominal radiotherapy. Ethics Statement All the protocols used in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Korean Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (IACUC permit number: KIRAMS217-0007). Author Contributions H-JL, JS, and Y-BL designed the experiments. EL and JK conducted the exp...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Initial Trials With Susceptibility-Based and Empiric Anti-H. pylori Therapies in Mongolia
Conclusion: In Mongolia, the prevalence of H. pylori resistance is high requiring bismuth quadruple therapy or susceptibility-based therapy to obtain acceptable cure rates. Introduction As in most developing countries, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is high in Mongolia (Nyamdavaa, 2013) with reported prevalence ranging of 80% among adults (Matsuhisa et al., 2015; Khasag et al., 2018), 64% among adolescents, and 65 and 100% among pediatric patients with gastric comorbidity (Go, 2013). Gastric cancer is a common problem in Mongolia; an age-standardized rate of 33.1 per 100,000, which is the second hi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

A P. falciparum NF54 Reporter Line Expressing mCherry-Luciferase in Gametocytes, Sporozoites, and Liver-Stages
This reporter line has been used to analyze liver infection in immune-deficient humanized mice engrafted with human liver tissue ((Sack et al., 2014; Flannery et al., 2018); (Foquet et al., 2018)). In multiple RMP transgenic lines the uis4 gene promoter has been used to drive expression of different transgenes in sporozoites and liver-stages, such as genes encoding mCherry, ovalbumin or human Plasmodium proteins (Combe et al., 2009; Panchal et al., 2012; Montagna et al., 2014; Hopp et al., 2015; Longley et al., 2015, 2017; Singer et al., 2015) The uis4 gene, a member of the small Plasmodium etramp gene family, is highly t...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Molecular Characterization of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Aldolase From Trichinella spiralis and Its Potential in Inducing Immune Protection
In conclusion, our study indicated that Ts-FBPA was ubiquitously expressed at each developmental stage of T. spiralis and the protein was located at cuticles of the parasite and embryos, suggesting that the Ts-FBPA plays an important role in invasion and survival. Further functional experiments are required to elucidate the physiological and biological role of FBPA in parasite metabolism itself and Trichinella-host interaction. In addition, our study also indicated that mice immunized with rTs-FBPA had partial protective immunity against T. spiralis infection, however, we have yet to perform a clear picture of how immunity...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Toxoplasma Effector GRA15-Dependent Suppression of IFN- γ-Induced Antiparasitic Response in Human Neurons
In this study, we found that IL-1β also inhibits IDO1 mRNA expression in the A172 glioblastoma, IMR-32 neuroblastoma, and T98G glioblastoma human brain cell lines and in primary human neurons. Interestingly, the 5 cell lines, Huh7 hepatoma, HepG2 hepatoma, A172 glioblastoma, IMR-32 neuroblastoma, and T98G glioblastoma cell lines, which are derived from human liver and brain tissue, were ranked in the top 5 for IL-1β-dependent IDO1 reduction, suggesting that IL-1β suppresses IDO1-dependent host immunity in the human brain and liver. T. gondii infects its host by using migratory immune cells, such as...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Insect Experts Say People Should Calm Down About the Threat of ‘Murder Hornets’
Insect experts say people should calm down about the big bug with the nickname “murder hornet” — unless you are a beekeeper or a honeybee. The Asian giant hornets found in Washington state that grabbed headlines this week aren’t big killers of humans, although it does happen on rare occasions. But the world’s largest hornets do decapitate entire hives of honeybees, and that crucial food pollinator is already in big trouble. Numerous bug experts told The Associated Press that what they call hornet “hype” reminds them of the 1970s public scare when Africanized honeybees, nicknamed &l...
Source: TIME: Science - May 7, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Seth Borenstein / AP Tags: Uncategorized Environment News Desk wire Source Type: news

Dietary Vitamin D3 Deficiency Increases Resistance to Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Infection in Mice
Conclusion Altogether, our results indicate that dietary VitD deficiency is able to decrease lesion growth and provide an increase in Th1 response in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice upon L. (L.) amazonensis infection, although it does not decrease parasite burden in either of the murine models used. Thus, VitD may contribute to host susceptibility to murine tegumentary leishmaniasis. Further studies on the influence of immunonutrition in the leishmaniases are needed to better understand the immunobiology of these diseases. Author Contributions HdMG conceived and designed the experiments. GO-S, DB, MM, JEP, JCP, TR, AdF-M, and L...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 9, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Effective antiviral medicinal plants and biological compounds against central nervous system infections: A mechanistic review.
CONCLUSION: Due to the increased resistance of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses and parasites) to antimicrobial therapies, alternative treatments, especially using plant sources and their bioactive constituents, appear to be more fruitful. PMID: 31309894 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Drug Discovery Technologies - July 14, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Malekmohammad K, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Sardari S, Sewell RDE Tags: Curr Drug Discov Technol Source Type: research

Eucoleus garfiai (Gállego et Mas-Coma, 1975) (Nematoda: Capillariidae) infection in wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) from the Amakusa Islands, Japan
We examined lingual tissues of Japanese wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) captured in the Amakusa Islands off the coast of Kumamoto Prefecture. One hundred and forty wild boars were caught in 11 different locations in Kamishima (n = 36) and Shimoshima (n = 104) in the Amakusa Islands, Japan between January 2016 and April 2018. Lingual tissues were subjected to histological examinations, where helminths and their eggs were observed in the epithelium of 51 samples (36.4%). No significant differences in prevalence were observed according to maturity, sex or capture location. Lingual tissues positive for helminth inf...
Source: Parasitology International - August 9, 2019 Category: Parasitology Source Type: research

Neuroangiostrongyliasis: Global Spread of an Emerging Tropical Disease
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022 Nov 7:tpmd220360. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0360. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNeuroangiostrongyliasis (NAS) is an emerging parasitic disease caused by the neurotropic nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Since it was first discovered, in rats in southern China in the 1930s, this tropical to subtropical parasite has spread to much of Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands (including Hawaii), Australia, Japan, South America, the southeastern United States, the Caribbean, Africa, the Canary Islands, and the Balearic Islands. The parasite completes its natural life cycle in snails and slugs (intermediate ho...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - November 7, 2022 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Robert H Cowie Vernon Ansdell Claire Panosian Dunavan Randi L Rollins Source Type: research