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Total 310 results found since Jan 2013.

Diabetes-induced abnormalities of mitochondrial function in rat brain cortex: the effect of n-3 fatty acid diet.
This study investigated the response of rat cortical mitochondria to streptozotocin-induced diabetes and the potential for fish oil emulsion (FOE) to modulate mitochondrial function. Diabetes-induced deregulation of the respiratory chain function as a result of diminished complex I activity (CI) and cytochrome c oxidase hyperactivity was associated with attenuation of antioxidant defense of isolated cortical mitochondria, monitored by SOD activity, the thiol content, the dityrosine and protein-lipid peroxidation adduct formation. A parallel reduction in phosphorylation of the energy marker AMPK has pointed out to disrupted...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - May 19, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chomova M, Balazova M, Muchova J Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Rare genetic variants found to increase risk for Tourette syndrome
An international team led by researchers from UCLA and Massachusetts General Hospital has identified the first definitive genes associated with Tourette syndrome, giving scientists a long-sought foothold on the biology of the disease.The report in the June 21 issue of Neuron describes the discovery of rare mutations — either deletions or duplications of genetic material — in two neurodevelopmental genes, NRXN1 and CNTN6, in people with Tourette syndrome, a disorder characterized by multiple chronic, involuntary motor and vocal tics.“This is a first, key step in understanding the role of these genes in the disease pro...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - June 21, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Molecular genetic contributions to self-rated health
Conclusions: Individual differences in how people respond to a single item on SRH are partly explained by their genetic propensity to many common psychiatric and physical disorders and psychological traits.
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 13, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Investigating the Mechanisms of Methotrexate Neurotoxicity in Patients With Childhood Leukemia and Long-Term Survivors
Adverse neurological events are common (4-20%) during treatment for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and include seizures, stroke like syndrome and leukoencephalopathy. In addition, chronic neurotoxicity is emerging as a worrying late effect of treatment with long-term survivors experiencing decreased executive function, processing speed and memory function. Survivors are also at increased risk of experiencing learning difficulties, social withdrawal issues and inattention hyperactivity disorders.
Source: Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma and Leukemia - September 1, 2017 Category: Hematology Authors: Victoria Forster, Jane Carr-Wilkinson, Deborah Tweddle, Sirintra Nakjang, Sanaa Choufani, Rosanna Weksberg, Frederik van Delft Source Type: research

Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity following Acute Brain Injuries Using a Consensus-Based Diagnostic Tool: A Single Institutional Case Series.
In conclusion, critical care clinicians should consider the possibility of PSH and can use PSH-AM as a useful diagnostic and guiding tool in the management of PSH. PMID: 28890524 [PubMed - in process]
Source: The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine - September 12, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Godo S, Irino S, Nakagawa A, Kawazoe Y, Fujita M, Kudo D, Nomura R, Shimokawa H, Kushimoto S Tags: Tohoku J Exp Med Source Type: research

Brain-Computer Interface for Clinical Purposes: Cognitive Assessment and Rehabilitation.
Abstract Alongside the best-known applications of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology for restoring communication abilities and controlling external devices, we present the state of the art of BCI use for cognitive assessment and training purposes. We first describe some preliminary attempts to develop verbal-motor free BCI-based tests for evaluating specific or multiple cognitive domains in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, disorders of consciousness, and other neurological diseases. Then we present the more heterogeneous and advanced field of BCI-based cognitive training, which has its roots in ...
Source: Biomed Res - September 16, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Carelli L, Solca F, Faini A, Meriggi P, Sangalli D, Cipresso P, Riva G, Ticozzi N, Ciammola A, Silani V, Poletti B Tags: Biomed Res Int Source Type: research

Epilepsy as a Network Disorder (1): What can we learn from other network disorders such as autistic spectrum disorder and mood disorders?
Publication date: Available online 26 October 2017 Source:Epilepsy & Behavior Author(s): Andres M. Kanner, Helen Scharfman, Nathalie Jette, Evdokia Anagnostou, Christophe Bernard, Carol Camfield, Peter Camfield, Karen Legg, Ilan Dinstein, Peter Giacobe, Alon Friedman, Bernd Pohlmann-Eden Epilepsy is a neurologic condition which often occurs with other neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The relation between epilepsy and these conditions is complex. Some population-based studies have identified a bidirectional relation, whereby not only patients with epilepsy are at increased risk of suffering from some of these ...
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior - October 31, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Defining spasticity: a new approach considering current movement disorders terminology and botulinum toxin therapy
AbstractSpasticity is a symptom occurring in many neurological conditions including stroke, multiple sclerosis, hypoxic brain damage, traumatic brain injury, tumours and heredodegenerative diseases. It affects large numbers of patients and may cause major disability. So far, spasticity has merely been described as part of the upper motor neurone syndrome or defined in a narrowed neurophysiological sense. This consensus organised by IAB —Interdisciplinary Working Group Movement Disorders wants to provide a brief and practical new definition of spasticity—for the first time—based on its various forms of muscle hyperact...
Source: Journal of Neurology - February 8, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neuroscience is the Next Oncology
by Michael D. Ehlers, MD, PhD Dr. Ehlers is with Biogen in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2018;15(3–4):15–16 Funding: No funding was received for the preparation of this article. Disclosures: Dr. Ehlers is an employee and shareholder at Biogen Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Prominent and expensive failures in Alzheimer’s disease therapies have led to a contagious belief system in some parts of the biopharma industry that neuroscience is just too hard, too risky, and too uncertain. But, might this belief system itself be a residual bias of the past? Close inspection reveals all the signs of a coming...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - April 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICNS Online Editor Tags: Commentary Current Issue Source Type: research

Liraglutide Attenuates the Depressive- and Anxiety-like Behaviour in the Corticosterone Induced Depression Model Via Improving Hippocampal Neural Plasticity.
Abstract Recent studies indicate that metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity are a major risk factor of psychiatric diseases. This relationship opens the opportunity to develop new antidepressant drugs by repurposing antidiabetic drugs. Previous research has demonstrated that GLP-1 analogs are neuroprotective in several neurological disease models including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke. In addition, the GLP-1 analog liraglutide has been shown to promote neurogenesis, which is seen to play important roles in memory formation and cognitive and emotional processing. However...
Source: Brain Research - April 26, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Weina H, Yuhu N, Christian H, Birong L, Feiyu S, Le W Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Airborne Particulate Matter: Human Exposure and Health Effects
Conclusion: While the integrated, per capita, exposure of PM for a large fraction of the first-world may be less than 1 mg per day, links between several syndromes, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, loss of cognitive function, anxiety, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension, stroke, and PM exposure have been suggested. This article reviews and summarizes such links reported in the literature.
Source: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine - May 1, 2018 Category: Occupational Health Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

It's reticulated: the liver at the heart of atherosclerosis
Platelets play a critical role in both the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, and even more so in the ensuing atherothrombotic complications. Low-dose aspirin remains the mainstay of antiplatelet therapy in high-risk patients by reducing the risk of myocardial ischemia, stroke or death due to cardiovascular disease. However, antiplatelet therapies lose their efficacy in people with diabetes mellitus, increasing the risk of future atherothrombotic events. The molecular mechanisms that promote platelet hyperactivity remain unclear but could be due to glycation-induced conformational changes of platelet membranes ...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - May 29, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Nagareddy, P. R., Noothi, S. K., Flynn, M. C., Murphy, A. J. Tags: Review Source Type: research

Aggregation is impaired in starved platelets due to enhanced autophagy and cellular energy depletion.
Authors: Paul M, Hemshekhar M, Kemparaju K, Girish KS Abstract Platelet hyperactivity is the hallmark of thrombosis and hemostasis disorders including atherosclerosis, diabetes, stroke, arthritis, and cancer causing significant mortality and morbidity. Therefore, regulating platelet hyperactivity is an ever growing interest. Very recently, basal autophagic process has been demonstrated to be essential for normal functioning of platelets. However, autophagy can be elevated above basal level under conditions like starvation, and how platelets respond in these settings remains to be elucidative. Therefore, in this stu...
Source: Platelets - May 30, 2018 Category: Hematology Tags: Platelets Source Type: research

Therapeutic Targeting of the Carotid Body for Treating Sleep Apnea in a Pre-clinical Mouse Model.
Authors: Peng YJ, Zhang X, Nanduri J, Prabhakar NR Abstract Sleep apnea with periodic cessation of breathing during sleep is a highly prevalent respiratory disorder affecting an estimated 10% of adults. Patients with sleep apnea exhibit several co-morbidities including hypertension, stroke, disrupted sleep, and neurocognitive and metabolic complications. Emerging evidence suggests that a hyperactive carotid body (CB) chemo reflex is an important driver of apneas in sleep apnea patients. Gasotransmitters carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) play important roles in oxygen sensing by the CB. We tested the h...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - October 27, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Using EEG-based brain computer interface and neurofeedback targeting sensorimotor rhythms to improve motor skills: Theoretical background, applications and prospects
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2018Source: Neurophysiologie CliniqueAuthor(s): Camille Jeunet, Bertrand Glize, Aileen McGonigal, Jean-Marie Batail, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-FranchiSummaryMany Brain Computer Interface (BCI) and neurofeedback studies have investigated the impact of sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) self-regulation training procedures on motor skills enhancement in healthy subjects and patients with motor disabilities. This critical review aims first to introduce the different definitions of SMR EEG target in BCI/Neurofeedback studies and to summarize the background from neurophysiological and neuroplasti...
Source: Neurophysiologie Clinique - November 8, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research