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Total 97 results found since Jan 2013.

Neurology versus Psychiatry? Hallucinations, Delusions, and Confabulations.
Authors: Carota A, Bogousslavsky J Abstract Hallucinations, delusions, and confabulations are common symptoms between neurology and psychiatry. The neurological diseases manifesting with such symptoms (dementia, epilepsy, Korsakoff's disease, brain tumors, Parkinson's disease, migraine, right hemisphere stroke and others) would be the key to understand their biological mechanisms, while the cognitive sciences, neuropharmacology and functional neuroimaging would be the tools of such researches. It is possible to understand the perceptive rules of the mind and the mechanisms of the human consciousness based on these ...
Source: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience - June 22, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Front Neurol Neurosci Source Type: research

Brain abscess complicating ischemic embolic stroke in a patient with cardiac papillary fibroelastoma – Case report and literature review
Publication date: Available online 13 May 2019Source: Journal of Clinical NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Monique Boukobza, Sarah Nahmani, Lydia Deschamps, Jean-Pierre LaissyAbstractA 72-year-old man without obvious risk factors initially presented with acute ischemic stroke and fever, without concomitant infection. Broad spectrum antibiotic therapy was initiated. Transthoracic and Transesophageal echocardiography, and cardiac MRI revealed a 20 mm round mass attached to the anterior mitral valve leaflet, suggesting the diagnosis of a benign cardiac tumor or a vegetation. At the site of infarction an abscess of 11 mm in diameter...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - May 15, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

A Copernican Approach to Brain Advancement: The Paradigm of Allostatic Orchestration
The objective of this presentation is to explore historical, scientific, interventional, and other differences between the two paradigms, so that innovators, researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, patients, end-users, and others can gain clarity with respect to both the explicit and implicit assumptions associated with brain advancement agendas of any kind. Over the course of three decades, a series of brain-centric, evolution-inspired insights have been articulated with increasing refinement, as principles of allostasis (Sterling and Eyer, 1988; Sterling, 2004, 2012, 2014). Allostasis recognizes that the role of the ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Functional MRI of Letter Cancellation Task Performance in Older Adults
Conclusion The present work is the first to identify neural correlates of the LCT using fMRI and tablet technology in a healthy aging population. Across all ages, the activation was found to be bilateral, including in the cerebellum, superior temporal lobe, precentral gyrus, frontal gyrus, and various occipital and parietal areas. With increasing age, performance generally decreased and brain activity was reduced in the supplementary motor area, middle and inferior frontal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, putamen and cerebellum. Better LCT performance was correlated with increased activity in the middle frontal gyrus, and r...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 15, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Prophylactic treatment of hyperbaric oxygen treatment mitigates inflammatory response via mitochondria transfer.
CONCLUSION: This study shows that HBOT preconditioning stands as a robust prophylactic treatment for sequestration of inflammation inherent in stroke and TBI, possibly facilitating the transfer of resilient mitochondria from astrocytes to inflammation-susceptible neuronal cells in mitigating cell death. PMID: 30972972 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - April 10, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lippert T, Borlongan CV Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

miR-34a in Neurophysiology and Neuropathology
AbstractEpigenetic influence of brain and neuronal function plays key regulatory roles in health and diseases. The microRNA miR-34a is a tumor suppressor transcript, and its loss has been prominently linked to various human cancers, including malignancies of the brain. Interestingly, miR-34a is abundantly expressed in the adult mammalian brain, and emerging evidence has implicated its involvement in a range of neurodevelopmental and neuropathological processes. Developmentally, miR-34a regulates neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation and aspects of neurogenesis. During aging, its elevation is connected to hearing loss...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - November 28, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Effects of Craniopharyngioma Cyst Fluid on Neurons and Glial Cells cultured from rat brain hypothalamus
In this study, we have collected CP cyst fluid (CCF) from mostly young patients during surgical removal and exposed it 9-10 days in vitro to the primary cultures derived from rat brain hypothalamus for 48 hours. A gradual decline in cell viability was noted with increasing concentration of CCF. Moreover, a distinct degenerative morphological transformation was observed in neurons and glial cells, including appearance of blebbing and overall reduction of the cell volume. Further, enhanced expression of Caspase-3 in neurons and glial cells exposed to CCF by immunofluorescence imaging, supported by Western blot experiment s...
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - October 17, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Measuring non-parametric distributions of intravoxel mean diffusivities using a clinical MRI scanner
Publication date: Available online 13 October 2018Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Alexandru V. Avram, Joelle E. Sarlls, Peter J. BasserAbstractWe measure spectra of water mobilities (i.e., mean diffusivities) from intravoxel pools in brain tissues of healthy subjects with a non-parametric approach. Using a single-shot isotropic diffusion encoding (IDE) preparation, we eliminate signal confounds caused by anisotropic diffusion, including microscopic anisotropy, and acquire in vivo diffusion weighted images (DWIs) over a wide range of diffusion sensitizations. We analyze the measured IDE signal decays using a regularized invers...
Source: NeuroImage - October 13, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The role of plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein in pathological breakdown of blood –brain and blood–retinal barriers: potential novel therapeutic target for cerebral edema and diabetic macular edema
AbstractBreakdown of the blood –brain barrier (BBB) or inner blood–retinal barrier (BRB), induced by pathologically elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or other mediators, can lead to vasogenic edema and significant clinical problems such as neuronal morbidity and mortality, or vision loss. Restoratio n of the barrier function with corticosteroids in the brain, or by blocking VEGF in the eye are currently the predominant treatment options for brain edema and diabetic macular edema, respectively. However, corticosteroids have side effects, and VEGF has important neuroprotective, vascular protect...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - September 20, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Metastatic prostate cancer mimicking a subdural hematoma: A case report and literature review
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2018Source: Journal of Clinical NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Andrew Nunno, Mahlon D. Johnson, Guan Wu, Yan Michael LiAbstractOccurrences of metastatic prostate cancer imitating a subdural hematoma are limited to a small number of case reports, even though prostate cancer spreads to the dura more than other types of cancer. Here, we present the case of a 64 year-old male whose prostate carcinoma’s metastasis mimicked a subdural hematoma, and he suffered a middle cerebral artery stroke. Prostate cancer’s high rate of progression to the dura is disproportionate to its relatively low r...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neuroscience is the Next Oncology
by Michael D. Ehlers, MD, PhD Dr. Ehlers is with Biogen in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2018;15(3–4):15–16 Funding: No funding was received for the preparation of this article. Disclosures: Dr. Ehlers is an employee and shareholder at Biogen Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Prominent and expensive failures in Alzheimer’s disease therapies have led to a contagious belief system in some parts of the biopharma industry that neuroscience is just too hard, too risky, and too uncertain. But, might this belief system itself be a residual bias of the past? Close inspection reveals all the signs of a coming...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - April 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICNS Online Editor Tags: Commentary Current Issue Source Type: research

DL-3-n-butylphthalide induced neuroprotection, regenerative repair, functional recovery and psychological benefits following traumatic brain injury in mice
Publication date: December 2017 Source:Neurochemistry International, Volume 111 Author(s): Yingying Zhao, Jin Hwan Lee, Dongdong Chen, Xiaohuan Gu, Asha Caslin, Jimei Li, Shan Ping Yu, Ling Wei Previous investigations suggest that DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a promising multifaceted drug for the treatment of stroke. It is not clear whether NBP can treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) and what could be the mechanisms of therapeutic benefits. To address these issues, TBI was induced by a controlled cortical impact in adult male mice. NBP (100 mg/kg) or saline was intraperitoneally administered within 5 min after TBI. One...
Source: Neurochemistry International - November 27, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research