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Brain metastasis in a patient with multiple malignancies
Brain metastases originate from other primary cancers within the body, most commonly lung, breast, and melanoma. Because patients with brain metastasis, stroke, or intracranial hemorrhage may present with similar acute neurologic symptoms, clinicians must have a high suspicion for brain metastasis and perform an immediate workup to rule out life-threatening conditions. This case report focuses on the clinical symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment options for brain metastasis in a patient with multiple malignancies.
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants - February 1, 2021 Category: Primary Care Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Voltage-dependent structural models of the human Hv1 proton channel from long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations Biophysics and Computational Biology
The voltage-gated Hv1 proton channel is a ubiquitous membrane protein that has roles in a variety of cellular processes, including proton extrusion, pH regulation, production of reactive oxygen species, proliferation of cancer cells, and increased brain damage during ischemic stroke. A crystal structure of an Hv1 construct in a putative...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - June 15, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Andrew D. Geragotelis, Mona L. Wood, Hendrik Goddeke, Liang Hong, Parker D. Webster, Eric K. Wong, J. Alfredo Freites, Francesco Tombola, Douglas J. Tobias Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Selective targeting of nanomedicine to inflamed cerebral vasculature to enhance the blood-brain barrier Chemistry
Drug targeting to inflammatory brain pathologies such as stroke and traumatic brain injury remains an elusive goal. Using a mouse model of acute brain inflammation induced by local tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), we found that uptake of intravenously injected antibody to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (anti-VCAM) in the...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 17, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Oscar A. Marcos-Contreras, Colin F. Greineder, Raisa Yu Kiseleva, Hamideh Parhiz, Landis R. Walsh, Viviana Zuluaga-Ramirez, Jacob W. Myerson, Elizabeth D. Hood, Carlos H. Villa, Istvan Tombacz, Norbert Pardi, Alecia Seliga, Barbara L. Mui, Ying K. Tam, Pa Tags: Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Sex Difference of Radiation Response in Occupational and Accidental Exposure
Conclusion and Outlook This review summarizes the data from major human studies on the health risks of radiation exposure and shows that sex can potentially influence the prolonged response to radiation exposure (Figure 1 and Tables 1, 2). These data suggest that long-term radiosensitivity in females is higher than that in males who receive a comparable dose of radiation. Our analysis of the literature agrees with the conclusions of the recent report on the Biological effects of ionizing radiation (BEIR VII) published in 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), United States (National Research Council, 2006). The B...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - May 2, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Effects of Neurotrophic Factors in Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System: Expression and Properties in Neurodegeneration and Injury
Conclusion and Future Aspects This review summarizes available NTF expression data, compiles existing evidence on the effects of glial NTF signaling in healthy conditions and in disease models (Figure 1), and highlights the importance of this topic for future studies. The relationship between NTFs and glia is crucial for both the developing and adult brain. While some of these factors, such as NT-3 and CNTF, have highly potent effects on gliogenesis, others like BDNF and GDNF, are important for glia-mediated synapse formation. Neurotrophic factors play significant roles during neurodegenerative disorders. In many cases, ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Ability to Suppress TGF- β-Activated Myofibroblast Differentiation Distinguishes the Anti-pulmonary Fibrosis Efficacy of Two Danshen-Containing Chinese Herbal Medicine Prescriptions
Conclusion: This study suggests that a clinically efficacious cardiovascular Chinese herbal medicine (DLP) can be successfully repurposed to treat a lung disease in pulmonary fibrosis guided by TCM theory. Our comparative study between DLP and DHP demonstrated a critical requirement of suppressing both pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, supporting that a multi-component prescription capable of “removing both phlegm and blood stasis” will better achieve co-protection of heart and lung in PHD. Introduction Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic ...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Shengui Sansheng San Ameliorates Cerebral Energy Deficiency via Citrate Cycle After Ischemic Stroke
Conclusion In summary, SSS extraction significantly ameliorates cerebral energy metabolism via boosting citrate cycle, which mainly embodies the enhancements of blood glucose concentration, glucose and lactate transportation and glucose utilization, as well as the regulations of relative enzymes activities in citrate cycle. These ameliorations ultimately resulted in numerous ATP yield after stroke, which improved neurological function and infarcted volume. Collectively, it suggests that SSS extraction has exerted advantageous effect in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Ethics Statement All animal operations were accor...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 22, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cryptotanshinone Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/ Recovery-Induced Injury in an in vitro Model of Neurovascular Unit
Conclusions Despite the above limitations, we indicate that the protective mechanism of CTs against OGD/R damage might exert via inhibiting neuron apoptosis and attenuating BBB disruption. Furthermore, we also clarified that CTs inhibited neuronal apoptosis possibly by blocking the activation of MAPK signaling pathways, and CTs alleviating BBB disruption may associated with the regulation of TJPs and MMP-9 in our experiment. Accordingly, CTs will represent a novel and potent candidate for the treatment of CIRI in the future. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of China�...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Geniposide Alleviates Glucocorticoid-Induced Inhibition of Osteogenic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells by ERK Pathway
Conclusion In summary, we demonstrated that geniposide alleviated GC-induced osteogenic suppression in MC3T3-E1 cells. The effects of geniposide were at least partially associated with activating ERK signaling pathway via GLP-1 receptor. Geniposide might be a potential therapeutic agent for protection against GC-induced osteoporosis. Author Contributions BX, DX, CZ, and LW participated in research design. BX, JW, YL, XW, and ZZ conducted the experiments. BX, DX, and LW contributed new reagents or analytic tools and wrote or contributed to the writing of the manuscript. BX, JW, CZ, and DX performed the data analysis. Fu...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 17, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cerebral infarction and cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage preceded vascular contraction in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome patient with hidden breast cancer
We report a case of RCVS with hidden breast cancer in which ischemic stroke and cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage were observed earlier than vasoconstriction, and there were positive autoantibodies.
Source: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology - September 4, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Changhyo Yoon Seunguk Jung Source Type: research

Nanomaterials Versus Ambient Ultrafine Particles: An Opportunity to Exchange Toxicology Knowledge
Conclusion: There is now an opportunity to apply knowledge from NM toxicology and use it to better inform PM health risk research and vice versa. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP424 Received: 17 December 2015 Revised: 12 August 2016 Accepted: 30 August 2016 Published: 10 October 2017 Address correspondence to V. Stone, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK. Telephone: +44 131 451 3460. Email: v.stone@hw.ac.uk V.S. currently receives grant funding from Byk Altana and from The European Ceramic Fibre Industry Association (ECFIA). In the past, V.S. has received funding from Unilever and GlaxoSmithKline....
Source: EHP Research - October 10, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Review Source Type: research

European Stroke Organization guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis – endorsed by the European Academy of Neurology
ConclusionsMulticentre observational and experimental studies are needed to increase the level of evidence supporting recommendations on the diagnosis and management of CVT.
Source: European Journal of Neurology - August 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: J. M. Ferro, M. ‐G. Bousser, P. Canhão, J. M. Coutinho, I. Crassard, F. Dentali, M. Minno, A. Maino, I. Martinelli, F. Masuhr, D. Aguiar de Sousa, J. Stam, Tags: Guidelines Source Type: research

Unusual case of recurrent SMART (stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy) syndrome
Ramnath Santosh Ramanathan, Gayathri Sreedher, Konark Malhotra, Zain Guduru, Deeksha Agarwal, Mary Flaherty, Timothy Leichliter, Sandeep RanaAnnals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2016 19(3):399-401Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is a rare delayed complication of cerebral radiation therapy. A 53-year-old female initially presented with headache, confusion and left homonymous hemianopia. Her medical history was notable for cerebellar hemangioblastoma, which was treated with radiation in 1987. Her initial brain MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) revealed cortical enhancement in the right te...
Source: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology - July 24, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Ramnath Santosh Ramanathan Gayathri Sreedher Konark Malhotra Zain Guduru Deeksha Agarwal Mary Flaherty Timothy Leichliter Sandeep Rana Source Type: research

Binding environment of an Hv1 blocker Pharmacology
The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 plays important roles in proton extrusion, pH homeostasis, and production of reactive oxygen species in a variety of cell types. Excessive Hv1 activity increases proliferation and invasiveness in cancer cells and worsens brain damage in ischemic stroke. The channel is composed of two subunits, each...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - July 8, 2014 Category: Science Authors: Hong, L., Kim, I. H., Tombola, F. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research