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Neurosurgery in times of a pandemic: a survey of neurosurgical services during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Veneto region in Italy.
CONCLUSIONS: This multicenter study describes the effects of a COVID-19 outbreak on neurosurgical activities in a vast region in Italy. Remodulation of neurosurgical activities has resulted in a significant reduction of elective and emergency surgeries compared to previous years. Most likely this is a combined result of cancellation of elective and postponable surgeries, increase of conservative management, increase in social restrictions, and in patients' fear of accessing hospitals. Curiously, only endovascular procedures for AIS have increased, possibly due to reduced physical activity or increased thrombosis in SARS-Co...
Source: Neurosurgical Focus - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Raneri F, Rustemi O, Zambon G, Del Moro G, Magrini S, Ceccaroni Y, Basso E, Volpin F, Cappelletti M, Lardani J, Ferraresi S, Guida F, Chioffi F, Pinna G, Canova G, d'Avella D, Sala F, Volpin L Tags: Neurosurg Focus Source Type: research

A Copernican Approach to Brain Advancement: The Paradigm of Allostatic Orchestration
The objective of this presentation is to explore historical, scientific, interventional, and other differences between the two paradigms, so that innovators, researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, patients, end-users, and others can gain clarity with respect to both the explicit and implicit assumptions associated with brain advancement agendas of any kind. Over the course of three decades, a series of brain-centric, evolution-inspired insights have been articulated with increasing refinement, as principles of allostasis (Sterling and Eyer, 1988; Sterling, 2004, 2012, 2014). Allostasis recognizes that the role of the ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Associations of Anemia With Outcomes in Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: Anemia on admission was associated with higher mortality and an increased risk of poor outcome in patients with ICH. However, the results were limited by the high heterogeneity of included studies. Prospective, multi-center or population-based, large sample cohort studies are needed in the future. Introduction Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common cause of stroke and a highly lethal disease (1), which still lacks effective therapeutic interventions (2, 3). Although age, baseline ICH volume and neurological status on admission are well-known predictors of outcome of ICH (4), none of t...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 24, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cryptotanshinone Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/ Recovery-Induced Injury in an in vitro Model of Neurovascular Unit
Conclusions Despite the above limitations, we indicate that the protective mechanism of CTs against OGD/R damage might exert via inhibiting neuron apoptosis and attenuating BBB disruption. Furthermore, we also clarified that CTs inhibited neuronal apoptosis possibly by blocking the activation of MAPK signaling pathways, and CTs alleviating BBB disruption may associated with the regulation of TJPs and MMP-9 in our experiment. Accordingly, CTs will represent a novel and potent candidate for the treatment of CIRI in the future. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of China�...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pentraxin 3 in Cardiovascular Disease
Giuseppe Ristagno1*, Francesca Fumagalli1, Barbara Bottazzi2, Alberto Mantovani2,3,4, Davide Olivari1, Deborah Novelli1 and Roberto Latini1 1Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy 2Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Milan, Italy 3Humanitas University, Milan, Italy 4The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom The long pentraxin PTX3 is a member of the pentraxin family produced locally by stromal and myeloid cells in response to proinflammatory signals and microbial moieties. The p...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 16, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Canagliflozin Inhibits Human Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Tube Formation
In conclusion, the present study identified canagliflozin as a potent inhibitor of human EC proliferation. The anti-proliferative action of canagliflozin is observed in ECs isolated from both the venous and arterial circulation, and is partly due to the blockade of cyclin A expression. In addition, this study found that canagliflozin inhibits tube formation in cultured ECs and mouse aortic rings. Notably, these actions are specific for canagliflozin and not seen with other SGLT2 inhibitors. The ability of canagliflozin to exert these pleiotropic effects on EC function may contribute to both the adverse and salutary actions...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Platelet Count Predicts Adverse Clinical Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or TIA: Subgroup Analysis of CNSR II
Conclusion: In ischemic stroke or TIA patients with platelet count within normal range, platelet count may be a qualified predictor for long-term recurrent stroke, mortality, and poor functional outcome. Introduction Platelets exert a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic complications of cardio-cerebrovascular disease, contributing to thrombus formation, and embolism (1, 2). Previous literature reported that platelets of various size and density are produced by megakaryocytes of different size and stages of maturation in different clinical conditions, suggesting various platelet patterns in differen...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The lncRNA MALAT1 rs619586 G Variant Confers Decreased Susceptibility to Recurrent Miscarriage
In conclusion, our study suggests that the rs619586 G variant may have potential protective effects conferring a decreased risk of recurrent miscarriage in the southern Chinese population. Introduction Recurrent miscarriage is defined as the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation (Jaslow et al., 2010; Diejomaoh, 2015). The occurrence of recurrent miscarriage is associated with many factors, including genetic factors, immunological dysfunction, endocrine disorders, unhealthy lifestyles and defects of the reproductive organs (Saravelos and Regan, 2014; Sen et al., 2014; Garrido-Gimen...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 8, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Neurologic Outcome Predictors in Pediatric Intracerebral Hemorrhage Brief Report
Background and Purpose—Intracerebral hemorrhage is a considerable source of morbidity and mortality. This 3-center study describes outcomes of pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage and identifies 2-year neurological outcome predictors.Methods—Children 29 days to 18 years of age presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage from March 2007 to May 2015 were enrolled prospectively. Exclusion criteria included trauma; intracranial tumor; hemorrhagic transformation of arterial ischemic stroke or cerebral sinovenous thrombosis; isolated subdural, epidural, or subarachnoid hemorrhage; and abnormal baseline neurological function. Intr...
Source: Stroke - June 25, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Giulia S. Porcari, Lauren A. Beslow, Rebecca N. Ichord, Daniel J. Licht, Jonathan T. Kleinman, Lori C. Jordan Tags: Pediatrics, Prognosis, Mortality/Survival, Intracranial Hemorrhage Brief Reports Source Type: research

Association of Cancer Cell Type and Extracellular Vesicles With Coagulopathy in Patients With Lung Cancer and Stroke Brief Report
Conclusions—Our findings indicate that cancer cell type is associated with circulating EV levels and coagulopathy in patients with lung cancer and stroke.
Source: Stroke - April 23, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Jong-Won Chung, Yeon Hee Cho, Myung-Ju Ahn, Mi Ji Lee, Gyeong-Moon Kim, Chin-Sang Chung, Oh Young Bang Tags: Biomarkers, Mechanisms, Translational Studies, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke, Thrombosis Brief Reports Source Type: research

Headache and pregnancy: a systematic review
AbstractThis systematic review summarizes the existing data on headache and pregnancy with a scope on clinical headache phenotypes, treatment of headaches in pregnancy and effects of headache medications on the child during pregnancy and breastfeeding, headache related complications, and diagnostics of headache in pregnancy. Headache during pregnancy can be both primary and secondary, and in the last case can be a symptom of a life-threatening condition. The most common secondary headaches are stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, pituitary tumor, choriocarcinoma, eclampsia, preeclampsia, idiopathic ...
Source: The Journal of Headache and Pain - October 19, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Down-regulation of NOX4 by betulinic acid protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice
SummaryIschemic stroke leads to high potentiality of mortality and disability. The current treatment for ischemic stroke is mainly focused on intravenous thrombolytic therapy. However, ischemia/ reperfusion induces neuronal damage, which significantly influences the outcome of patients with ischemic stroke, and the exact mechanism implicated in ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear, although evidence shows that oxidative stress is likely to be involved. Betulinic acid is mainly known for its anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Our previous study showed that betulinic acid could decrease the reactive oxygen s...
Source: Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology -- Medical Sciences -- - October 1, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research

European Stroke Organization guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis – endorsed by the European Academy of Neurology
ConclusionsMulticentre observational and experimental studies are needed to increase the level of evidence supporting recommendations on the diagnosis and management of CVT.
Source: European Journal of Neurology - August 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: J. M. Ferro, M. ‐G. Bousser, P. Canhão, J. M. Coutinho, I. Crassard, F. Dentali, M. Minno, A. Maino, I. Martinelli, F. Masuhr, D. Aguiar de Sousa, J. Stam, Tags: Guidelines Source Type: research

Predicting the higher rate of intracranial hemorrhage in glioma patients receiving therapeutic enoxaparin
Venous thromboembolism occurs in up to one-third of patients with primary brain tumors. Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is also a frequent occurrence in these patients, but there is limited data on the safety of therapeutic anticoagulation. To determine the rate of ICH in patients treated with enoxaparin, we performed a matched, retrospective cohort study with blinded radiology review for 133 patients with high-grade glioma. After diagnosis of glioma, the cohort that received enoxaparin was 3 times more likely to develop a major ICH than those not treated with anticoagulation (14.7% vs 2.5%; P = .036; hazard rati...
Source: Blood - June 22, 2017 Category: Hematology Authors: Mantia, C., Uhlmann, E. J., Puligandla, M., Weber, G. M., Neuberg, D., Zwicker, J. I. Tags: Free Research Articles, Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Clinical Trials and Observations Source Type: research

Aortic Valvular Papillary Fibroelastoma Leading to Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Pediatric Patient (P1.286)
Conclusions:Previously published cases of children with IS and PF have identified the mitral valve as the site of the PF. Our case demonstrates that aortic valvular PF can be associated with IS in pediatric patients. Resection of symptomatic PF is recommended to prevent further cardio-embolic strokes.Disclosure: Dr. Farooqui has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mannel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Silliman has received research support from Sanofi Genzyme, Biogen Idec, Bristol Myers and Novartis.
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Farooqui, I., Mannel, R., Silliman, S. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease Case Reports I Source Type: research

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