Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Urinary Calculi of Small Ruminants
Urolithiasis is a multifactorial disease of male ruminants causing significant economic loss and compromise of animal welfare. Known risk factors include anatomic factors, urine pH, water intake, dietary composition, and genetic factors. Clinical cases of obstructive urolithiasis may be treated using a variety of medical and surgical interventions, including tube cystostomy, perineal urethrostomy, urinary bladder marsupialization, and modifications of these procedures designed to optimize patient outcome. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - April 7, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Meredyth Jones Cook Source Type: research

Hepatic Lipidosis in Ruminants
Hepatic lipidosis (ie, fatty liver) occurs primarily during the first weeks of lactation in dairy cows because of excessive lipolysis overwhelming the concomitant capacity for beta-oxidation and hepatic export of triglycerides. Besides economic losses due to reduced lactational and reproductive performance, close associations with concomitantly occurring infectious and metabolic health disorders, in particular ketosis, exist. Hepatic lipidosis is not only a consequence from the postpartal negative energy balance but also acts as a disease component for further health disorders. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America:...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - April 7, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Josef J. Gross Source Type: research

Methods of Evaluating the Potential Success or Failure of Transition Dairy Cows
Early monitoring of the failure of metabolic adaptation to calving, represents the most effective measure for allowing a prompt intervention on transition dairy cows. This prevents deleterious effects on animal performance, health, and welfare, which are driven by multiple disorders during the following lactation. Applying metabolic profiling could (1) provide a deeper view on the cause of any pathologic condition affecting transition cows, aimed at increasing the effectiveness and timely application of any treatment and (2) provide detailed feedback on the management practices adopted in a farm during this challenging pha...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - April 7, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Matteo Mezzetti, Erminio Trevisi Source Type: research

Considerations in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Lactation Calcium Disturbances
This article reviews the history of clinical hypocalcemia and the evolving definition of subclinical hypocalcemia, targeting a concept for consideration that not all hypocalcemia is negative. With a goal of presenting bovine practitioners information to assist with individual animal hypocalcemia diagnosis and treatment as well as herd-level monitoring and prevention, we present current methods of direct calcium measurement, therapeutic interventions for clinical hypocalcemia, and postpartum calcium supplementation options and their efficacy. We encourage veterinarians to understand calcium dynamics in the immediate postpar...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - April 7, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Jessica A.A. McArt, Garrett R. Oetzel Source Type: research

Pregnancy Toxemia in Sheep and Goats
Pregnancy toxemia is a common metabolic disease of late pregnant ewes and does, which potentially has devastating impacts on health and performance. This metabolic syndrome is not only one of over conditioned animals but is more typically associated with inadequate energy intake to support pregnancy requirements leading to body protein and fat mobilization. Blood chemistries provide insight into diagnosis and possibly may predict responsiveness to treatment and outcome. Early recognition of the disease with appropriate intervention is the best approach to minimizing the impact of this disease in the sheep flock or goat her...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - April 7, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Andrea Mongini, Robert J. Van Saun Source Type: research

Metabolic Diseases in Beef Cattle
Beef cattle are less prone to metabolic diseases as compared with dairy cattle; however, there are disease entities of concern in feedlot and cow-calf beef cattle operations. In one study, a prevalence of 2% was found for ruminant acidosis in a feedlot; however, there is little prevalence information published with regard to metabolic diseases in beef cattle.1 Metabolic diseases covered in this article are hypomagnesemia, ruminal acidosis, and all of the common sequelae, polioencephalomalacia, manganese deficiency, and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - April 7, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Megan S. Hindman Source Type: research

Metabolic Factors at the Crossroads of Periparturient Immunity and Inflammation
Periparturient cows have the highest risk for disease and culling in the adult dairy herd. This risk is compounded by the multiple physiological changes of metabolism and immune function occurring around calving that alter the cow's inflammatory response. In this article, the authors summarize the current knowledge on immunometabolism in the periparturient cow, discussing major changes in immune and metabolic function around parturition that will facilitate the assessment of periparturient cow management programs. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - April 7, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Angel Abuelo, Sabine Mann, Genaro Andres Contreras Source Type: research

Application and Interpretation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
This article discusses how AST methods and breakpoints are developed, describes when AST may or may not be useful in clinical practice, and discusses how to interpret AST results from bacterial isolates from cattle, sheep, and goats. Discussion of when AST is not appropriate or when veterinarians should have low confidence in AST results is also included. Applicability of genomic testing for antimicrobial susceptibility is briefly addressed. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - February 1, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Virginia R. Fajt, Brian V. Lubbers Source Type: research

Diagnostics for Viral Pathogens in Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories
Laboratory testing is one part of clinical diagnosis, and quick and reliable testing results provide important data to support treatment decision and develop control strategies. Clinical viral testing has been shifting from traditional virus isolation and electron microscopy to molecular polymerase chain reaction and point-of-care antigen tests. This shift in diagnostic methodology also means change from looking for infectious virions or viral particles to hunting viral antigens and genomes. With technological development, it is predicted that metagenomic sequencing will be commonly used in veterinary clinical diagnosis fo...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - February 1, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Leyi Wang Source Type: research

Next-Generation Diagnostics for Pathogens
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was initially developed to aid sequencing of the human genome. This molecular method is cost effective for sequencing and characterizing genomes, not only those of humans or animals but also those of bacteria and other pathogens. However, rather than sequencing a single organism, a targeted NGS method can be used to specifically amplify pathogens of interest in a clinical sample for detection and characterization by sequencing. Targeted NGS is an ideal method for ruminant syndromic testing due to its ability to detect a variety of pathogens in a sample with a single test. (Source: Veterinar...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - February 1, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Rebecca P. Wilkes Source Type: research

Interpretation and Analysis of Individual Diagnostic Tests and Performance
This article shows the added value of the context of test prescription and correct interpretation highlighting the central role of the veterinary practitioner. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - February 1, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: S ébastien Buczinski, Simon Dufour, Juan Carlos Arango-Sabogal Source Type: research

Diagnostic Strategies for Ruminant Populations
Veterinarians may be asked to assess the presence, absence, or prevalence of a disease in an animal population or to compare the effects of management factors on disease status or production performance. The scope of diagnostic investigations in ruminant populations is often limited by the availability of time, money, and animal handling infrastructure. Selecting the correct number and type of animals to sample maximizes the benefits of the investigation, while minimizing costs. To meet the objectives of the study, the veterinarian must understand the statistical elements that need to be considered to calculate the appropr...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - February 1, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Elizabeth Parker Source Type: research

Submitting High-Quality Clinical Pathology Samples for Best Results
The reliability of clinical pathology laboratory results is directly related to the sample quality submitted. As such, clinicians must submit the most representative and highest quality sample possible by acquiring, handling, preparing, and shipping samples with utmost care. Cytology and blood smear slides should be evaluated for sufficient densities of intact, well-spread, nucleated cells before submission. Poorly prepared samples may delay or negate results, incurring unnecessary costs for the client and practice. Additionally, all practices should have quality assurance programs that include monitoring of equipment to m...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - February 1, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Yvonne M. Wikander Source Type: research

Metabolic Profiling in Ruminant Diagnostics
The objective of this article is to review the concepts and practical applications of metabolic profile testing in ruminants. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - February 1, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Robert J. Van Saun Source Type: research

The Role of Histopathology in Ruminant Diagnostics
This article discusses some of the main organ systems of ruminants and highlights common ruminant diseases encountered by diagnosticians where histopathology is particularly important. Where applicable, correlative gross lesions, special considerations regarding tissue sampling, and histologic report interpretation are discussed. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - February 1, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Matthew M. Hille, Sarah J. Sillman, Bruce W. Brodersen Source Type: research