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How Does Housing Influence Bovine Respiratory Disease in Confinement Cow-Calf Operations?
Confined cow-calf operations are a relatively new production model in the United States. As with any new technology, there will be a learning curve for producers and veterinarians as we attempt to optimize animal health and profitability. It is critical that cattle are managed properly in these units if disease issues are to be minimized. Allowing for adequate space in the pen and at the feed bunk is a critical factor affecting animal welfare, nutritional management, and disease transmission. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Terry J. Engelken Source Type: research

How Does Housing Influence Bovine Respiratory Disease in Dairy and Veal Calves?
This article reviews the literature from the past 40  years in order to determine which housing factors have been associated with respiratory disease. Penning strategy and its affect on calf respiratory health were most commonly studied. The wide variation in disease definitions and quality of reporting make drawing conclusions from the available lit erature extraordinarily difficult. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Theresa L. Ollivett Source Type: research

Bovine Respiratory Disease Vaccination
Vaccination is the act of administering a vaccine, whereas immunization may occur if appropriate time is allowed for a competent host immune system to respond to the antigen contained in a vaccine. Timing is critical to ensure bovine respiratory disease (BRD) vaccine safety, efficacy, and efficiency. The current review provides temporal considerations of BRD vaccination within the North American beef production system with focus on vaccination timing in high-risk, newly received beef stocker and feedlot cattle. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: John T. Richeson, T. Robin Falkner Source Type: research

Bovine Respiratory Disease: What's New?
Since the recognition of the importance of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) several decades ago, much effort has focused on improving our understanding of causes, designing preventive health programs, and developing treatment and control methods. Unfortunately, producers and veterinarians still must manage the production and economic risk of this disease. Given the importance of BRD for both beef and dairy cattle, the disease complex has been the focus of an issue of the Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice approximately every 10 years since the journal ’s inception. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of No...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Amelia R. Woolums, Douglas L. Step Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Bovine Respiratory Disease
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Douglas L. Step, Amelia R. Woolums Source Type: research

Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contributors
ROBERT A. SMITH, DVM, MS (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contents
Amelia R. Woolums and Douglas L. Step (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice
Toxicology (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida in Bovine Respiratory Disease
The bacteria Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida contribute to bovine respiratory disease (BRD), which is often managed with antimicrobials. Antimicrobial resistance in these bacteria has been rare, but extensively drug-resistant strains have recently become common. Routine antimicrobial use may be driving this resistance. Resistance spread is caused in part by propagation of strains harboring integrative conjugative elements. The impact of antimicrobial resistance on treatment outcomes is not clear, but clinical observations suggest that response to first treatment has decreased over time, possibly because of...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - April 19, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Emily Snyder, Brent Credille Source Type: research

Pathogenesis and Virulence of Mycoplasma bovis
Mycoplasma bovis is an important component of the bovine respiratory disease complex and recent reports identified that other species are also affected by M bovis. Control of the disease caused by M bovis has been unsuccessful owing to many factors, including the capacity of M bovis to evade and modulate the immune system of the host; the lack of known virulence factors; the absence of a cell wall, which renders antibiotics targeting cell-wall synthesis unusable; and the failure of vaccines to control disease on the field. The current knowledge on virulence and pathogenesis is presented in this review. (Source: Veterinary ...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - April 19, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Jose Perez-Casal Source Type: research

Histophilus somni
is associated with several disease syndromes in cattle and plays an important role in the bovine respiratory disease complex. H somni isolates exhibit significant differences in terms of susceptibility to inactivation by normal serum corresponding to the general ability to cause clinical disease. Isolates possess a variety of virulence factors, and variation in virulence factor expression is well recognized and associated with antigenic differences. Sequencing of genes associated with known virulence factors has identified genetic variability between isolates. The antigenic and genomic differences represent significant ch...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - April 19, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Randal M. Shirbroun Source Type: research

Details to Attend to When Managing High-Risk Cattle
This article provides insights into the management of bovine respiratory disease in high-risk cattle populations. Biocontainment strategies, records, procurement, transport, arrival/receiving management, vaccination, and treatment protocols are discussed from practical and systems-thinking perspectives regarding their impact on health in high-risk cattle. Arrival management considerations, such as facilities, nutritional management, metaphylaxis, bovine viral diarrhea virus persistent infection testing, parasite control, and castration, are also addressed. Caretaker morale and job satisfaction are suggested as important fa...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - April 19, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: John T. Groves Source Type: research

The Immunology of Bovine Respiratory Disease
This article highlights advancements made in understanding innate and adaptive immunity in BRD, factors that predispose animals to BRD, and novel intervention strategies that may lead to changes in the approach to treating and controlling BRD. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - April 19, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Jodi L. McGill, Randy E. Sacco Source Type: research

Helminth Vaccines in Ruminants
This article summarizes the state of the art in vaccine research against parasitic helminths in sheep and cattle. Optimization of antigen production (eg, recombinant expression) and antigen delivery, followed by extensive field testing, is still required for further development of vaccines. Helminth vaccines should sufficiently reduce parasite transmission to protect vaccinated animals against parasite-induced disorders and production loss. Vaccine efficacy requirements depend on the parasite ’s epidemiology and farm management, both of which vary in different geographic regions and are influenced by climate. Vaccination...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - February 4, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Edwin Claerebout, Peter Geldhof Source Type: research