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Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is one of the six high impact diseases for which currently World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) has established an official procedure for recognition of disease-free status for trade purposes. Although its exact distribution, incidence, and impact have not been well established, the disease is known to be endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where it has a severe socio-economic impact on people ’s livelihoods. Control or elimination of the disease can be achieved by various strategies including vaccination, movement control, and stamping-out. Due to many factors, countries in sub...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - March 7, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Ahmed El Idrissi Hamzi, Akiko Kamata, William Amanfu Source Type: research

Rift Valley Fever
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic viral disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants such as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and buffaloes. Rift valley fever virus (RVFV), the causative agent of RVF, can also infect humans. RVFV is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that is primarily spread through the bites of infected mosquitoes or exposure to infected blood. RVFV was first isolated and characterized in the Rift Valley of Kenya in 1931 and is endemic throughout sub-Saharan Africa, including Comoros and Madagascar, the Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia and Yemen), and Mayotte. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North Am...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - March 6, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: J. Brian Kimble, Leela Noronha, Jessie D. Trujillo, Dana Mitzel, Juergen A. Richt, William C. Wilson Source Type: research

Reemerging/Notifiable Diseases to Watch
Reemerging and notifiable diseases of cattle and bison continue to pose potential risks to their health and lives and affecting production and the livelihoods of producers. It is essential to understand the clinical presentation of these diseases to watch for possible incursions and infections and to immediately report your suspicions to your State and Federal Animal Health Officials. Three of these reemerging and notifiable diseases of cattle and bison, malignant catarrhal fever, bluetongue virus, and New World screwworm, are presented in this article for increased awareness to consider as a differential if examinations p...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - March 6, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Sherrilyn H. Wainwright, Cristina W. Cunha, Brett Webb, Bethany McGregor, Barbara Drolet, John B. Welch Source Type: research

Rinderpest
is a highly contagious viral disease that affects ungulates such as cattle, buffalo, yak, and various wildlife species, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The global eradication of rinderpest was successfully accomplished in 2011 through extensive vaccination efforts. Today, safeguarding against the re-emergence of rinderpest in animal populations is paramount. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Organization for Animal Health are entrusted through a series of resolutions with the responsibility to prevent the re-emergence of rinderpest in animals. (Source: Veterinary Cli...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - March 6, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Mariana Marrana, Muhammad Javed Arshed, Mo Salman Source Type: research

Disease Investigations & Initial Response
Transboundary animal disease (TAD) investigations are conducted routinely across the United States to rule out diseases of significant economic, trade, and/or food security importance. Established protocols exist for TAD investigations and disease response based on national and international policy; however, now more than ever, private practitioners may be called upon to assist in these investigations and response activities and may play an important role in communications, sample collection, and disease surveillance. Successful implementation of disease investigation and response, with or without vaccination, requires a c...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - February 26, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Kelli Kirtley Werling, Kyle Shipman, Nick Lyons Source Type: research

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a vector-borne livestock disease caused by either VS New Jersey virus or VS Indiana virus. The disease circulates endemically in northern South America, Central America, and Mexico and only occasionally causes outbreaks in the United States. During the past 20  years, VS outbreaks in the southwestern and Rocky Mountain regions occurred periodically with incursion years followed by virus overwintering and subsequent expansion outbreak years. Regulatory response by animal health officials prevents spread from lesioned animals and manages trade impacts. Rec ent US outbreaks highlight potential cl...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - February 23, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Angela M. Pelzel-McCluskey Source Type: research

Transboundary Tick and Tick-Borne Pathogen Threats to Cattle
Transboundary incursions of ticks and tick-borne pathogens are ever present concerns for US cattle industries. Global trade in livestock and wildlife, historic and emerging transboundary issues with endemic tick populations and pathogens, and migratory bird flyways are pathways of concern. Transboundary challenges are presented for the Asian long-horned tick and Theileria orientalis Ikeda, for 2 cattle fever tick species [Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus and R (B) microplus] and Babesia bigemina and B bovis, and for the tropical bont tick and Ehrlichia ruminantium. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - February 23, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Pete D. Teel, Thomas Hairgrove Source Type: research

Readiness and Response
This article examines the steps a practitioner needs to take to become ready to have a role in disaster readiness and response. Resources exist to provide the practitioner with tools needed to transition their n ormal daily activities to a larger integrated response. The knowledge and skills used by practitioners in disaster management lead to a more effective and efficient response to a foreign animal disease. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - February 22, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Carla L. Huston, John Wenzel Source Type: research

Transboundary Diseases of Cattle and Bison
Many veterinarians in the United States view animal diseases that are not present in the country, such as foot-and-mouth disease, as foreign animal diseases (FADs). In the international community, the preferred term is transboundary animal diseases (TADs). A disease that is foreign to one country may be endemic in another, so FADs is not a term applicable across the globe. The only disease that could be considered “foreign” to all countries is rinderpest, which was eradicated in 2011. TADs have significant trade, economic, or food security implications, can spread easily between countries, and can require cooperation a...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - February 12, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Elizabeth J. Parker, Charles P. Fossler, Carla L. Huston Tags: Preface Source Type: research

The Bull Breeding Soundness Examination and Its Application in the Production Setting
breeding soundness for several reasons and at several times during their life span. These include before sale for the reason of affirming their sale ability or before a breeding season to determine their readiness for breeding. Bulls may also be evaluated for diagnostic purposes. The breeding soundness examination (BSE) is universally promoted as an important management tool, but there continues to be a level of inconsistency in its performance. A complete bull BSE consists of a thorough physical examination including internal and external reproductive tract, measurement of the circumference of the scrotum and evaluation o...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - January 19, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: E. Heath King, Richard M. Hopper Source Type: research

Management of Bulls
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - January 19, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Arthur Lee Jones, Joseph C. Dalton Source Type: research

Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - January 19, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contributors
ROBERT A. SMITH, DVM, MS (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - January 19, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contents
Arthur Lee Jones and Joseph C. Dalton (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - January 19, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Transboundary Diseases of Cattle and Bison (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - January 19, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research