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Hepatotoxic Plants that Poison Livestock
This article familiarizes veterinarians with clinical signs, serum biochemistry changes, necropsy findings, and field information found in livestock poisonings with hepatotoxic plants. The focus is on the most common plant-derived hepatotoxins important to livestock in North America. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are covered in greater detail than the other toxins, because they are likely the most important plant-derived toxins worldwide in livestock, wildlife, and even human exposure. Additionally, many of the principles discussed regarding clinical diagnosis of pyrrolizidine alkaloid intoxication can be applied to the other po...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 6, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Michael J. Clayton, T. Zane Davis, Edward L. Knoppel, Bryan L. Stegelmeier Source Type: research

Plant-Induced Reproductive Disease, Abortion, and Teratology in Livestock
The objectives of this review are to briefly introduce toxic plants that are reproductive toxins, abortifacients, or teratogens. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 6, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Bryan L. Stegelmeier, T. Zane Davis, Michael J. Clayton Source Type: research

Plant-Induced Myotoxicity in Livestock
Many toxic plants, ingested by livestock while grazing or eating contaminated processed feed, produce myoskeletal or myocardial lesions that sometimes have irreversible consequences. Some myotoxic plants are lethal after ingestion of very small amounts whereas others require consumption for many days to several weeks to produce disease. Incorporation of field studies, clinical signs, gross and microscopic pathology, and chemical identification of plants, toxins, and metabolites in animal samples is essential for an accurate diagnosis. This review introduces toxic plants that cause myotoxicity, reviews toxins and lesions, d...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 6, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: T. Zane Davis, Bryan L. Stegelmeier, Michael J. Clayton Source Type: research

Plants Containing Urinary Tract, Gastrointestinal, or Miscellaneous Toxins that Affect Livestock
The objectives of this review are to introduce poisonous plants that commonly poison livestock in North America; describe clinical and pathologic lesions they produce in livestock; and present current technology available to identify poisoning, treat affected animals, and minimize or avoid poisoning additional animals. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 6, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Bryan L. Stegelmeier, T. Zane Davis, Michael J. Clayton Source Type: research

Diagnostic Challenges and Guidelines Pertaining to Suspected Ruminant Intoxications
This article addresses diagnostic challenges involving toxicology cases that are multifactorial in nature, often involving sublethal exposures to multiple toxicants and/or other etiologies that are not toxic. Gold standard diagnostic approaches were developed under the assumption that cases were undoubtedly intoxications, and they still are applicable to those cases. A more integrated diagnostic approach, focusing on the initial problem list, is consistent with how veterinarians diagnose most cases. Livestock ownership attitudes continue to evolve. Ongoing threats to the financial well-being of animal agriculture ultimatel...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 6, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Tim J. Evans Source Type: research

Plant-Induced Photosensitivity and Dermatitis in Livestock
The objectives of this review are to briefly introduce toxic plants that result in photosensitivity and dermatitis, review the toxins and pathogenesis of plant-induced skin disease, and summarize treatments and recommendations to avoid poisoning. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 6, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Bryan L. Stegelmeier, T. Zane Davis, Michael J. Clayton Source Type: research

Ruminant Mycotoxicosis
This review focuses on factors associated with mold production in feedstuffs and major mycotoxins affecting ruminants in North America. Ruminants are often considered less sensitive to mycotoxins owing to rumen microflora metabolism to less toxic compounds. However, ruminants occupy wide agricultural niches that expose animals to diverse toxins under widely different environmental and nutritional conditions. Often the moldy and potentially highly contaminated feeds end up at feedlots. Less than optimal feedstuffs creating suboptimal rumen microbial flora could result in decreased ruminal capacity to detoxify certain mycoto...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 6, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Michelle S. Mostrom, Barry J. Jacobsen Source Type: research

Preface
Food animal veterinary toxicology is an interesting part of veterinary medicine. I appreciate the time that Dr Gene Lloyd, Dr Gary Osweiler, and Dr Tom Carson spent mentoring me when I started my toxicology career. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 6, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Steve Ensley, Tim J. Evans Source Type: research

Toxicology
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 6, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Steve Ensley, Timothy J. Evans Source Type: research

Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 6, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contributors
ROBERT A. SMITH, DVM, MS (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 6, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contents
Steve Ensley and Tim J. Evans (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 6, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Small Ruminants (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 6, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Ionophore Use and Toxicosis in Cattle
Ionophores are a commonly used feed additive for animals and when used properly are safe. When feed mis-mixing occurs and an elevated dose of ionophore is given, a toxicosis can develop. Myocardial and skeletal muscles are the targets of a toxicosis. In many species there is a delay from the time of ingestion of a toxic dose in feed to when clinical signs occur. This makes it difficult to collect the feed in question that was at an elevated concentration. Cardiac troponins in serum can be used to make a diagnosis of an ionophore toxicosis. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - September 15, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Steve Ensley Source Type: research

Biofuels Co-Products Tolerance and Toxicology for Ruminants
Corn co-products are a co-product of the dry and wet corn-milling ethanol manufacturing industry. The dry mill corn co-product is distiller ’s grains. Distillers grain can be further categorized into dry distillers grains (DDG), DDG with solubles, wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS), modified WDGS, and corn syrup (solubles). Wet mill ethanol production produces 2 main feed stuffs: corn gluten (wet and dry) and heavy steep water . (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - September 15, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Steve Ensley Source Type: research