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Abnormalities of the Scrotum and Testes
This article reviews these conditions and provides therapeutic modalities. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - December 16, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Chance L. Armstrong, Aubrey N. Baird Source Type: research

Medical and Surgical Management of Conditions of the Penis and Prepuce
The inability of a bull to reproduce due to its inability to impregnant fertile cows is called impotentia generandi. This infertility may be due to the inability to achieve erection, the inability to complete coitus, or the inability to produce an adequate volume of morphologically normal spermatozoa. Therapies targeting the urogenital tract of the bull can restore reproductive capabilities. Veterinarians can provide consultation regarding both management and selection criteria that will, in some cases, lower the overall risk of loss associated with the development of some conditions of the penis and prepuce. (Source: Vete...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - December 15, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Chance L. Armstrong, Aubrey N. Baird Source Type: research

Reproduction in Beef and Dairy Herds: From the Male ’s Perspective
Bulls, whether through natural service (NS) or artificial insemination (AI), contribute to reproductive efficiency and genetic advancement of beef and dairy herds. Today, most dairies and some beef operations rely heavily on the use of AI to breed cows and heifers. How producers and veterinarians manage the male (NS and AI) in each production system impacts reproductive success, as each approach has unique considerations. In addition, we want to provide up-to-date information regarding (a) the contribution of sires to success or failure of reproductive programs in beef and dairy herds, and (b) the foundational material for...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 28, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: A. Lee Jones, Joseph C. Dalton Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Impact of the Sire on Pregnancy Loss
This article will provide an overview of the impact of the sire in pregnancy loss. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Ky G. Pohler, Ramiro Vander Oliveira Filho Source Type: research

Managing Beef Bulls During the Off-Season
As approximately 94% of beef cow-calf operations use only natural service for breeding their cows and heifers, replacement bulls are a significant, necessary cost of producing beef calves. The value realized from beef bulls includes number and quality of calves sired, weight of calves sold, production value of daughters retained, and the bull ’s salvage value. Considering the importance of maintaining and recouping the cost of this significant investment, there is little information in peer reviewed literature about maintaining bulls in the off-season to prepare the bull for optimum performance in subsequent breeding sea...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 20, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Arthur Lee Jones Source Type: research

Trace Minerals in Ruminants
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 11, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: William S. Swecker Jr, Robert J. Van Saun Source Type: research

Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 11, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contributors
ROBERT A. SMITH, DVM, MS (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 11, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contents
William S. Swecker Jr. and Robert J. Van Saun (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 11, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Management of Bulls (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 11, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Physical Evaluation of Beef Bulls
Physical evaluation of beef bulls is important in determining their ability to be long-lived useful breeding animals. A basic examination should include an assessment of the bull ’s conformation, gait, and overall appearance. Skeletal soundness can be easily evaluated with well-formed feet and legs. Muscularity and reproductive soundness can be verified visually as should the head and mouth. Finally, attention should be paid to breed characteristics if it is a purebred bul l. A bull must be able to walk, eat, and see to effectively function as a natural service sire in pasture, pens, or especially extensive range environ...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - October 5, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Joe C. Paschal, A. Lee Jones Source Type: research

Bovine Lameness from the Ground up
This article reviews the common body regions that cause lameness in bulls and discusses their treatment. It also details hoof trimming as a way to manage lameness. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - September 19, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Gary D. Warner Source Type: research

Impact of Sire on Embryo Development and Pregnancy
The use of in  vitro embryo production (IVP) has increased globally, particularly in the United States. Although maternal factors influencing embryo development have been extensively studied, the influence of the sire is not well understood. Sperm plays a crucial role in embryo development providing DNA, trigger ing oocyte maturation, and aiding in mitosis. Current sire fertility measurements do not consistently align with embryo production outcomes. Low-fertility sires may perform well in IVP systems but produce fewer pregnancies. Testing sires in vitro could identify characteristics affecting embryo deve lopment and pr...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - September 11, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. Sofia Ortega, Kelsey N. Lockhart, Thomas E. Spencer Source Type: research

Nutrition and Sexual Development in Bulls
This manuscript provides an overview of the effects of nutrition during different stages of bull sexual development. Nutrition during the prepubertal period can modulate the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator. Increased nutrition results in greater LH secretion, earlier puberty, and greater testicular mass in yearling bulls, whereas low nutrition has opposite effects. Targeting average daily gain from birth to 24 weeks of age to> 1.2 kg/d and limiting gain after 24 weeks of age to (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - September 6, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Leonardo F.C. Brito Source Type: research

Sexually Transmitted Diseases of Bulls
Reproduction is essential for successful cow-calf and dairy production and the most important economic trait for cow-calf producers. For efficient reproduction to occur in beef herds, cows or heifers must conceive early during the breeding season, maintain the pregnancy, calve unassisted or with very little assistance, rebred in a timely manner and wean a calf every year.  In the case of dairy cattle, cows or heifers are expected to become pregnant, maintain the pregnancy, and calve every 12 to 15 months to produce milk. Interruption of that process leads to delay or total loss of production. Although fertile bulls are re...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - September 6, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Arthur Lee Jones Source Type: research