Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Commercial and Industrial Chemical Hazards for Ruminants
Livestock can be exposed to a wide variety of commercial or industrial chemicals that have variable toxicity. Adverse effects can be due to acute or chronic illnesses and deaths or due to contamination of meat or milk intended for human consumption. A diagnosis can be challenging in the absence of a known exposure. It is critical that a complete evaluation be conducted and appropriate samples be collected for possible analysis. Appropriate experts and regulatory agencies should be consulted as soon as possible to avoid potential contaminated animal products reaching consumers. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: ...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - September 15, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Robert H. Poppenga, Stephen B. Hooser Source Type: research

Water Quality for Cattle
Water is the most important nutrient for rangeland livestock. However, competition with municipalities, industry, and other water users often results in grazing livestock being forced to use water supplies that are less than perfect. Surface water in western rangleands are often contaminated by mineral extraction, irrigation runoff and other human activities. Mineral contaminants in drinking water are additive with similar contaminants in feedstuffs. The goal of this article is to provide producers and veterinarians with the basic background to make informed decisions about whether a given water supply is “safe” for li...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - September 15, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Merl F. Raisbeck Source Type: research

Evaluating Mineral Status in Ruminant Livestock
This article reviews how to sample and the function of these minerals in cattle. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - September 13, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Steve Ensley Source Type: research

Selenosis in Ruminants
Selenium (Se) is a metalloid that exists as a red amorphous powder, reddish crystal, silver-gray crystal, or brown-black solid. Its potency as a nutrient and a toxicant is such that few people have seen the pure element. It is easy to lose sight of the narrow margin between too little and too much. The most common cause of selenosis is accidental or intentional overuse of supplements. Many target organs and effects of Se toxicity are similar to those of Se deficiency, so laboratory confirmation is necessary. Prevention consists of minimizing exposure to seleniferous feedstuffs and optimizing dietary factors that might aggr...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - September 13, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Merl F. Raisbeck Source Type: research

Water Quality for Grazing Livestock I
Water is the most important nutrient for rangeland livestock. However, competition with municipalities, industry, and other water users often results in grazing livestock being forced to use water supplies that are less than perfect. Surface water in western rangleands are often contaminated by mineral extraction, irrigation runoff and other human activities. Mineral contaminants in drinking water are additive with similar contaminants in feedstuffs. The goal of this and the subsequent article is to provide producers and veterinarians with the basic background to make informed decisions about whether a given water supply i...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - September 13, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Merl F. Raisbeck Source Type: research

Viruses in Bovine Respiratory Disease in North America
Advances in viral detection in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) have resulted from advances in viral sequencing of respiratory tract samples. New viruses detected include influenza D virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine rhinitis A, bovine rhinitis B virus, and others. Serosurveys demonstrate widespread presence of some of these viruses in North American cattle. These viruses sometimes cause disease after animal challenge, and some have been found in BRD cases more frequently than in healthy cattle. Continued work is needed to develop reagents for identification of new viruses, to confirm their pathogenicity, and to determine ...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Robert W. Fulton Source Type: research

Respiratory Bacterial Microbiota in Cattle
The respiratory tract of cattle is colonized by complex bacterial ecosystems also known as bacterial microbiotas. These microbiotas evolve over time and are shaped by numerous factors, including maternal vaginal microbiota, environment, age, diet, parenteral antimicrobials, and stressful events. The resulting microbiota can be diverse and enriched with known beneficial bacteria that can provide colonization resistance against bacterial pathogens or, on the contrary, with opportunistic pathogens that can predispose cattle to respiratory disease. The respiratory microbiota can be modulated by nonantimicrobial approaches to p...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Edouard Timsit, Chris McMullen, Samat Amat, Trevor W. Alexander Source Type: research

Host Tolerance to Infection with the Bacteria that Cause Bovine Respiratory Disease
Calves vary considerably in their pathologic and clinical responses to infection of the lung with bacteria. The reasons may include resistance to infection because of pre-existing immunity, development of effective immune responses, or infection with a minimally virulent bacterial strain. However, studies of natural disease and of experimental infections indicate that some calves develop only mild lung lesions and minimal clinical signs despite substantial numbers of pathogenic bacteria in the lung. This may represent “tolerance” to pulmonary infection because these calves are able to control their inflammatory respons...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Laura L. Bassel, Saeid Tabatabaei, Jeff L. Caswell Source Type: research

Bovine Respiratory Disease Diagnosis
This article defines the limitation of BRD complex nomenclature, which may not easily distinguish upper versus lower respiratory tract infection and infectious bronchopneumonia versus other types of respiratory diseases. It then discusses the obstacles to clinical diagnosis and reviews the current knowledge of readily available diagnostic test to reach a diagnosis of infectious bronchopneumonia. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: S ébastien Buczinski, Bart Pardon Source Type: research

Bovine Respiratory Disease Diagnosis
When it is desired to identify infectious agents involved in an outbreak of bovine respiratory disease, a variety of possible sampling methods may be used. For field use, the deep nasopharyngeal swab, transtracheal wash, and nonendoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage are most feasible. At present, bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction testing are most commonly used to identify infectious agents. Interpretation of test results can be challenging, particularly for opportunistic pathogens. Evidence-based guidelines for precise interpretation of microbiologic tests results are lacking; however, approaches that have been pr...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Bart Pardon, S ébastien Buczinski Source Type: research

Bovine Respiratory Disease Vaccination Against Viral Pathogens
Vaccination of cattle against viral respiratory pathogens to minimize losses associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a common practice among producers and veterinarians. Three different calf populations in which BRD is most prevalent (recently weaned beef calves, preweaning beef calves, and young dairy calves) are the principal focus of morbidity and mortality prevention through vaccination; however, the evidence of vaccination efficacy is inconsistent in the literature. This review addresses the evidence of efficacy of vaccination in the prevention or reduction of naturally occurring and experimentally induced...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Manuel F. Chamorro, Roberto A. Palomares Source Type: research

Bovine Respiratory Disease Treatment Failure
This article discusses these interactions and provides guidance to veterinary practitioners on evaluating the success of treatment protocols. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Calvin W. Booker, Brian V. Lubbers Source Type: research

The Effect of Market Forces on Bovine Respiratory Disease
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a persistent negative economic impact on beef and dairy industries and the inability to show any progress in controlling BRD is a source of increasing frustration among animal health professionals and the industry. The complex economic structure of the cattle industry leads to market failures in which cow-calf producers do not have sufficient economic incentive to invest in improved BRD control. This leads to higher costs for stocker and feedlot sectors. An industry-wide comprehensive effort is needed to coordinate and motivate enhanced BRD control focusing on producing healthy calves wi...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Derrell S. Peel Source Type: research

Bovine Respiratory Disease
Changes in cattle feeding in the twentieth century led to the “Golden Age of Cattle Feeding” on the US High Plains; this was accompanied by recognition that bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of feedlot morbidity and mortality. Decades of research have illuminated the multiple viruses and bacteria that contribute to BRD, which led to vac cines and antimicrobials to prevent, treat, and control BRD. Despite these discoveries, feedlot BRD morbidities do not appear to have changed substantially over this time. New technologies are being developed that have the potential to improve accuracy of BRD detecti...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Robert A. Smith, Douglas L. Step, Amelia R. Woolums Source Type: research

Bovine Respiratory Disease Influences on Nutrition and Nutrient Metabolism
This article reviews nutrient impacts on BRD and BRD impacts on nutrient metabolism. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice - May 23, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Clinton R. Krehbiel Source Type: research