Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a single chain antibody fragment against scorpion toxins in sheep
Toxicon. 2024 Mar 22:107691. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107691. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA key aspect during the development of antivenoms is the evaluation of the efficiency and security of the therapeutic molecules. In this work, we report the pharmacokinetic analysis of a neutralizing single chain antibody fragment named LR (scFv LR) where three sheep were used as a large animal model. The animals were injected through i.v. route with 2 mg of scFv LR. Blood samples were drawn every minute within the first 15 min, the sampling continues at 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 min, subsequently at one-hour intervals, 3, 4, 5...
Source: Toxicon - March 24, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Roberto Olivares Hern ández Lidia Ria ño Umbarila Baltazar Becerril Alejandro Alag ón Cano Hilda Vazquez Lopez Source Type: research
Protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 against aconitine cardiotoxicity studied by myocardial injury, action potential, and calcium signaling
This study aimed to investigate the detoxifying effects of Rb1 on aconitine cardiotoxicity and the electrophysiological effect of Rb1 on aconitine-induced arrhythmia in rats. Pathological analysis, myocardial enzymatic indexes, and Western blotting were used to investigate the ameliorating effect of Rb1 on aconitine cardiotoxicity. Optical mapping was used to evaluate the effect of Rb1 on action potential and calcium signaling after aconitine-induced arrhythmia. Rb1 inhibited pathological damage caused by aconitine, decreased myocardial enzyme levels, and restored the balance of apoptotic protein expression by reducing the...
Source: Toxicon - March 22, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Cuihan Zhang Huan Hou Changhong Shen Qian Ran Fang Cheng Ziqing Yao Ruoqi Zhang Cheng Peng Source Type: research
Protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 against aconitine cardiotoxicity studied by myocardial injury, action potential, and calcium signaling
CONCLUSION: Rb1 reduced the cardiotoxicity of aconitine by attenuating aconitine-induced myocardial injury and inhibiting the aconitine-induced retardation of ventricular action potential and calcium signaling in rats.PMID:38519012 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107693 (Source: Toxicon)
Source: Toxicon - March 22, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Cuihan Zhang Huan Hou Changhong Shen Qian Ran Fang Cheng Ziqing Yao Ruoqi Zhang Cheng Peng Source Type: research
Gaps in forensic toxicological analysis: The veiled abrin
Toxicon. 2024 Mar 19;242:107684. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107684. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAbrus precatorius is an herbaceous, flowering plant that is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Its toxic component, known as abrin, is classified as one of the potentially significant biological warfare agents and bioterrorism tools due to its high toxicity. Abrin poisoning can be utilized to cause accidents, suicides, and homicides, which necessitates attention from clinicians and forensic scientists. Although a few studies have recently identified the toxicological and pharmacological mechanisms of abri...
Source: Toxicon - March 21, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Yinyu Chen Jiaqi Liu Tao Song Xing Zou Leilei Li Qianyun Nie Peng Zhang Source Type: research
Hepatogenic photosensitization in lambs supplemented with different levels of extruded urea in Brachiaria spp. pastures in the Brazilian Cerrado: Case report
Toxicon. 2024 Mar 19:107692. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107692. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe aim was to report cases and risk factors for hepatogenous photosensitization in lambs kept on Brachiaria spp. pastures and supplemented with levels of extruded urea (EU). The herd consisted of 69 Texel crossbred lambs with known parentage (fathers and mothers adapted to the consumption of forage of the genus Brachiaria), randomly divided into 5 groups and distributed in individual paddocks for each group. The animals were supplemented with increasing levels of EU (Amireia® 200S): 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 g of EU per 100 kg-1 of ...
Source: Toxicon - March 21, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Francisca Fernanda da Silva Roberto Gelson Dos Santos Difante Lu ís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo Camila Celeste Brand ão Ferreira Ítavo J éssica Gomes Rodrigues Marislayne de Gusm ão Pereira Marcelo Augusto de Ara újo Diego Gomes Freire Guidolin Hitalo Rodr Source Type: research
Gaps in forensic toxicological analysis: The veiled abrin
Toxicon. 2024 Mar 19:107684. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107684. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAbrus precatorius is an herbaceous, flowering plant that is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Its toxic component, known as abrin, is classified as one of the potentially significant biological warfare agents and bioterrorism tools due to its high toxicity. Abrin poisoning can be utilized to cause accidents, suicides, and homicides, which necessitates attention from clinicians and forensic scientists. Although a few studies have recently identified the toxicological and pharmacological mechanisms of abrin, t...
Source: Toxicon - March 21, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Yinyu Chen Jiaqi Liu Tao Song Xing Zou Leilei Li Qianyun Nie Peng Zhang Source Type: research
Hepatogenic photosensitization in lambs supplemented with different levels of extruded urea in Brachiaria spp. pastures in the Brazilian Cerrado: Case report
Toxicon. 2024 Mar 19:107692. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107692. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe aim was to report cases and risk factors for hepatogenous photosensitization in lambs kept on Brachiaria spp. pastures and supplemented with levels of extruded urea (EU). The herd consisted of 69 Texel crossbred lambs with known parentage (fathers and mothers adapted to the consumption of forage of the genus Brachiaria), randomly divided into 5 groups and distributed in individual paddocks for each group. The animals were supplemented with increasing levels of EU (Amireia® 200S): 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 g of EU per 100 kg-1 of ...
Source: Toxicon - March 21, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Francisca Fernanda da Silva Roberto Gelson Dos Santos Difante Lu ís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo Camila Celeste Brand ão Ferreira Ítavo J éssica Gomes Rodrigues Marislayne de Gusm ão Pereira Marcelo Augusto de Ara újo Diego Gomes Freire Guidolin Hitalo Rodr Source Type: research
Indigofera cryptantha-induced pigmenturia in cattle in South Africa
Toxicon. 2024 Mar 18:107690. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107690. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTwo field cases of reddish-black pigmenturia occurred where cattle grazed on an established Cenchrus ciliaris (blue buffalo grass) pasture in South Africa. The pasture was noticeably invaded by Indigofera cryptantha, which was heavily grazed. Apart from the discolored urine, no other clinical abnormalities were detected. Urinalysis revealed hemoglobinuria, proteinuria and an alkaline pH. When the animals were immediately removed from the infested pasture, they made an uneventful recovery. However, a bull died when one of the herd...
Source: Toxicon - March 20, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Christo J Botha Magdaleen Vosser Mohammed I A Ibrahim Elizabeth du Plessis Antoinette V Lensink Wiehan J Rudolph Luke Invernizzi Source Type: research
Envenomation by a common green racer (Chlorosoma viridissimum) in the Brazilian Amazon: A report of three cases
Toxicon. 2024 Mar 18;241:107686. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107686. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEnvenomations by the common green racer (Chlorosoma viridissimum) are seldom reported in the literature. Herein, we report three cases caused by the same specimen of C. viridissimum in three different victims in the Brazilian Amazon. In all cases, the victims were either a biologist or biology students that were handling the animal and were bitten in their upper limbs. The victims showed only local symptoms, such as edema, tooth marks, pain, erythema, ecchymoses and bleeding. One of the patients presented extensive ecchymosis...
Source: Toxicon - March 20, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Pedro Ferreira Bisneto Ana Claudia Alzier Lobo D ébora Nery Oliveira Marco Aur élio Sartim Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro Jacqueline de Almeida Gon çalves Sachett Source Type: research
Indigofera cryptantha-induced pigmenturia in cattle in South Africa
Toxicon. 2024 Mar 18:107690. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107690. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTwo field cases of reddish-black pigmenturia occurred where cattle grazed on an established Cenchrus ciliaris (blue buffalo grass) pasture in South Africa. The pasture was noticeably invaded by Indigofera cryptantha, which was heavily grazed. Apart from the discolored urine, no other clinical abnormalities were detected. Urinalysis revealed hemoglobinuria, proteinuria and an alkaline pH. When the animals were immediately removed from the infested pasture, they made an uneventful recovery. However, a bull died when one of the herd...
Source: Toxicon - March 20, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Christo J Botha Magdaleen Vosser Mohammed I A Ibrahim Elizabeth du Plessis Antoinette V Lensink Wiehan J Rudolph Luke Invernizzi Source Type: research
Envenomation by a common green racer (Chlorosoma viridissimum) in the Brazilian Amazon: A report of three cases
Toxicon. 2024 Mar 18:107686. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107686. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEnvenomations by the common green racer (Chlorosoma viridissimum) are seldom reported in the literature. Herein, we report three cases caused by the same specimen of C. viridissimum in three different victims in the Brazilian Amazon. In all cases, the victims were either a biologist or biology students that were handling the animal and were bitten in their upper limbs. The victims showed only local symptoms, such as edema, tooth marks, pain, erythema, ecchymoses and bleeding. One of the patients presented extensive ecchymosis. Tw...
Source: Toxicon - March 20, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Pedro Ferreira Bisneto Ana Claudia Alzier Lobo D ébora Nery Oliveira Marco Aur élio Sartim Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro Jacqueline de Almeida Gon çalves Sachett Source Type: research
Comparative study of the commonly used protein quantitation assays on different Hymenoptera venoms: A fundamental aspect of Hymenoptera venom proteome analysis
In this study, protein profiles of ant, honeybee, and wasp venoms, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) and hyaluronidase standards were qualitatively assessed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Their amino acid and protein concentration were quantitatively determined via Amino Acid Analysis (AAA). Amino acid concentration was determined via hydrolysis, derivatization, and chromatographic quantification. Protein concentration was estimated using four different protein concentration assays. The ratios of protein concentration in venom samples to protein standards were calculated, and the a...
Source: Toxicon - March 19, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Troy Wanandy Simon A Handley Emily Mulcahy Michael Wiese Source Type: research
Improvement of inhaled paraquat induced lung and systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and memory changes by safranal
In this study, animals were exposed to saline (Ctrl) or PQ (PQ groups) aerosols. PQ exposed animals were treated with dexamethasone, 0.8 and 3.2 mg/kg/day safranal (Saf-L and Saf-H), 5 mg/kg/day pioglitazone (Pio), and Saf-L + Pio for 16 days during PQ exposure period. PQ group showed increased numbers of total and differential WBCs in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), increased malondialdehyde (MDA), in the serum BALF and brain reduced thiol, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels compared to the control group (for all, p < 0.001). The escape latency and traveled distance were enhanced, but ...
Source: Toxicon - March 14, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sima Beigoli Ali Asghar Hajizadeh Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi Reyhaneh Khosravi Farzaneh Vafaee Mohammad Hossein Boskabady Source Type: research
The effects of CDP-choline treatment in Amanita phalloides mushroom toxicosis
This study was planned to analyze the effects of the CDP-choline molecule on Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning cases. The extract of the Amanita phalloides mushroom was taken and intraperitoneally administered to male Wistar Albino rats at a dose of 0.3 g/kg. In the experiment phase, the rats were divided into three groups of CDP-choline treatment according to the doses of 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg, and one control group was administered a 1 ml/kg dose of 0.9% isotonic NaCl solution. The treatments were then administered intraperitoneally at the 2nd hour, and at the 6th hour, the rats were sacrificed. The deg...
Source: Toxicon - March 14, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Nuri Cenk Coskun Seyma Buyucek Source Type: research
Improvement of inhaled paraquat induced lung and systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and memory changes by safranal
In this study, animals were exposed to saline (Ctrl) or PQ (PQ groups) aerosols. PQ exposed animals were treated with dexamethasone, 0.8 and 3.2 mg/kg/day safranal (Saf-L and Saf-H), 5 mg/kg/day pioglitazone (Pio), and Saf-L + Pio for 16 days during PQ exposure period. PQ group showed increased numbers of total and differential WBCs in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), increased malondialdehyde (MDA), in the serum BALF and brain reduced thiol, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels compared to the control group (for all, p < 0.001). The escape latency and traveled distance were enhanced, but ...
Source: Toxicon - March 14, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sima Beigoli Ali Asghar Hajizadeh Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi Reyhaneh Khosravi Farzaneh Vafaee Mohammad Hossein Boskabady Source Type: research
