Wild mushroom poisoning: A case study of amatoxin-containing mushrooms and implications for public health
Toxicon. 2024 Feb 3;240:107639. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107639. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWild mushroom poisoning is a global public health concern, with mushrooms containing amatoxins being the main cause of fatalities. Mushrooms from the genus Amanita and Galerina contain amatoxins. Here we present a case of wild mushroom poisoning that affected three individuals, resulting in two fatalities. Within 10-15 hours after consumption, they experienced symptoms of gastroenteritis such as vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. One individual sought medical attention promptly and recovered, while the other two sought me...
Source: Toxicon - February 4, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhifan He Xiaohui Li Min Feng Xixi Wang Yao Wang Jianxin Chen Source Type: research
TLC and HPLC methods for the determination of plumbagin for the diagnosis of poisoning by Plumbago scandens L
Toxicon. 2024 Feb 23;239:107634. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107634. Epub 2024 Feb 1.ABSTRACTPlumbago scandens L. (Plumbaginaceae) occurs in all regions of Brazil. It has been described as toxic to cattle and goats. Caustic lesions in the upper digestive tract characterize poisoning. P. scandens contains a naphthoquinone named plumbagin, which presents high cytotoxic activity. Plumbago auriculata Lam., a widely used ornamental plant, is considered potentially toxic, but there is limited data about its toxicity. This work aimed to validate analytical methodologies for determining the levels of plumbagin in samples of leaves...
Source: Toxicon - February 2, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Carlos Jos é Rocha Teixeira Barbara Pereira Dos Santos Carolina Julia Costa Saraiva Helo ísa de Paula Pedroza Silvia Catarina Salgado Oloris Benito Soto-Blanco Source Type: research
Evaluation of spontaneous exploratory and anxiety-related behaviors of mice treated with gymnopilins obtained from the mushroom Gymnopilus imperialis (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota)
Toxicon. 2024 Jan 28;240:107626. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107626. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGymnopilins are long chain oligoisoprenoids produced through the condensation of isoprene units from MEV and MEP biosynthetic pathways. In Gymnopilus, these carotenoid-like molecules are recognized as major compounds in some species. In the present study, oligoisoprenoids derived from gymnopilins were dereplicated from Gymnopilus imperialis, a mushroom-forming basidiomycete, using liquid chromatographic coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (tandem LC-HRMS/MS) and GNPS. From the dichloromethane extract (Gym-DCM) of G...
Source: Toxicon - January 30, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lha ís Araújo Caldas Beatriz Gangale Muratori Andressa Gabriela Soliani Suzete Maria Cerutti Patr ícia Sartorelli Source Type: research
Mathematical models for predicting protodioscin in tropical forage grasses
Toxicon. 2024 Jan 24;240:107628. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107628. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTProtodioscin is a saponin present in grasses that can lead to losses in animal production. Our hypothesis was that mathematical models can accurately and precisely predict the protodioscin concentration in tropical grasses. We evaluated the ability of four mathematical models to describe the protodioscin concentration in Brachiaria and Panicum cultivars with different regrowth periods. Six cultivars of Panicum: Aruana, Massai, Mombaça, Tanzânia, Tamani, and Zuri; and five of Brachiaria-grass: Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã, Xar...
Source: Toxicon - January 26, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Juliana Caroline Santos Santana Gelson Dos Santos Difante J éssica Gomes Rodrigues Marislayne de Gusm ão Pereira Henrique Jorge Fernandes Camila Celeste Brand ão Ferreira Ítavo Vanessa Zirondi Longhini Alexandre Menezes Dias Lu ís Carlos Vinhas Ítav Source Type: research
STS ⅡA inhibited angiogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma by activating FOXO3 to inhibit CXCL1/STAT3/VEGF pathway
CONCLUSION: Our study finally elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism by which STS ⅡA inhibits LUAD angiogenesis.PMID:38253207 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107627 (Source: Toxicon)
Source: Toxicon - January 22, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Bu Wang Fang Zou Gu Xin Bao-Li Xiang Jian-Qing Zhao Sheng-Fang Yuan Xiu-Long Zhang Zhi-Hua Zhang Source Type: research
Chicken CYP1A5 is able to hydroxylate aflatoxin B < sub > 1 < /sub > to aflatoxin M < sub > 1 < /sub >
In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 in the bioconversion of AFB1 to AFM1. Our results showed that chicken CYP1A5 was able to hydroxylate AFB1 to AFM1. The formation of AFM1 followed the typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The kinetics parameters of Vmax and Km were determined as 0.83 ± 0.039 nmol/min/nmol P450 and 26.9 ± 4.52 μM respectively. Docking simulations further revealed that AFB1 adopts a "side-on" conformation in chicken CYP1A5, facilitating the hydroxylation of the C9a atom and the production of AFM1. On the other hand, AFB1 assumes a "face-on" conformation in chicken CYP3A37...
Source: Toxicon - January 20, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Yiyang Yuan Mei Li Xinghui Qiu Source Type: research
Evaluation of acute toxicity of Scabiosa artropurperea var.maritima aqueous extracts in Swiss mice
Toxicon. 2024 Feb 23;239:107614. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107614. Epub 2024 Jan 17.ABSTRACTScabiosa artropurperea var.maritima is a plant widely distributed in the Mediterranean region and used as a traditional medicine. The present study evaluated the biochemical composition and the potential toxicity of aqueous extract of whole Scabiosa artropurperea var.maritima through acute toxicity oral administration in male mice. Phytochemical analysis of the Scabiosa artropurperea var.maritima revealed high levels of reductor sugars and significant flavonoid and total phenol content. The aqueous extract of Scabiosa artropurpere...
Source: Toxicon - January 18, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Wijden Niama Samia Ben Said Christelle Rame Mohamed Aroua Mokhtar Mahouachi Pascal Froment Jo ëlle Dupont Source Type: research
Mechanism of inactivation of Aspergillus flavus spores by dielectric barrier discharge plasma
In this study, we applied morphological, in vivo and in vitro experiments, transcriptomics, and physicochemical detection to unveil the potential molecular pathways underlying the inactivation of Aspergillus flavus spores by DBDP. Our findings suggested that mycelium growth was inhibited as observed by SEM after 30 s treatment at 70 kV, meanwhile spore germination ceased and clustering occurred. It led to the release of cellular contents and subsequent spore demise by disrupting the integrity of spore membrane. Additionally, based on the transcriptomic data, we hypothesized that the induction of spore inactivation by DBDP ...
Source: Toxicon - January 14, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Yaxin Wang Mingming Yu Yanli Xie Weibin Ma Shumin Sun Qian Li Yuhui Yang Xiao Li Hang Jia Renyong Zhao Source Type: research
Identification of poorly immunodepleted phospholipase A < sub > 2 < /sub > (PLA < sub > 2 < /sub > ) proteins of Bungarus fasciatus venom from Assam, India and evaluation of Indian polyvalent antivenom using third-generation antivenomics
In this study, the efficacy of Indian polyvalent antivenom (Premium Serums polyvalent antivenom) was evaluated against the venom of B. fasciatus from Guwahati, Assam (India) employing the Third-generation antivenomics technique followed by identification of venom proteins from three poorly immunodepleted peaks (P5, P6 and P7) using LC-MS/MS analysis. Seven proteins were identified from the three peaks and all these venom proteins belonged to the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) superfamily. The identified PLA2 proteins were corroborated by the in vitro enzymatic activities (PLA2 and Anticoagulant activity) exhibited by the three pe...
Source: Toxicon - January 14, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Amit Talukdar Robin Doley Source Type: research
A comparative study of the performance of E. coli and K. phaffii for expressing α-cobratoxin
In this study, we investigated the expression of α-cobratoxin, a well-characterized 3FTx from the monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia), in three different expression systems, namely Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells with the csCyDisCo plasmid, Escherichia coli SHuffle cells, and Komagataella phaffii (formerly known as Pichia pastoris). While none of the tested systems yielded α-cobratoxin identical to the variant isolated from whole venom, the His6-tagged α-cobratoxin expressed in K. phaffii exhibited a comparable secondary structure according to circular dichroism spectra and similar binding properties to the α7 subunit of ...
Source: Toxicon - January 13, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Anna Damsbo Charlotte Rimbault Nick J Burlet Anneline Vlamynck Ida Bisbo Selma B Belfakir Andreas H Laustsen Esperanza Rivera-de-Torre Source Type: research
Spider venom neurotoxin based bioinsecticides: A novel bioactive for the control of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera)
Toxicon. 2024 Feb 23;239:107616. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107616. Epub 2024 Jan 12.ABSTRACTThe Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a key vector of the phloem-limited bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) associated with huanglongbing (HLB), the most serious and currently incurable disease of citrus worldwide. Here we report the first investigation into the potential use of a spider venom-derived recombinant neurotoxin, ω/κ-HxTx-Hv1h (hereafter HxTx-Hv1h) when delivered alone or when fused to snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) to control D. citri. Prot...
Source: Toxicon - January 13, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Marcelo P Miranda Elaine C Fitches Nur Afiqah Sukiran Wellington I Eduardo Rafael B Garcia Fabr ício J Jaciani Jennifer J Readshaw Jack Bell Leandro Pe ña Source Type: research
Study on the chronic inflammatory injury caused by Ageratina adenophora on goat liver using metabolomics
In conclusion, this study reveals that A. adenophora causes chronic inflammation and upregulate metabolites related to inflammation in the liver. The study complements the research content of A. adenophora hepatotoxicity and provides a basis for further research by analyzing changes in the liver metabolites.PMID:38218385 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107610 (Source: Toxicon)
Source: Toxicon - January 13, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Chenyang Shao Ruya Huang Samuel Kumi Okyere Yousif Muhammad Shu Wang Jianchen Wang Xiaoxuan Wang Yanchun Hu Source Type: research
Non-invasive diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis in botulism using ultrasound
This study underscores botulism's life-threatening nature and the vital role of supportive care. Diaphragmatic ultrasound is a safe and effective method for assessing diaphragmatic function in such cases, obviating ionizing radiation exposure. We recommend its routine use for evaluating botulism-induced paralysis.PMID:38216093 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107609 (Source: Toxicon)
Source: Toxicon - January 12, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Issac Cheong Mariano Iv án Imbelloni Ra úl Alejandro Gómez Federico Mat ías Álvarez Vilariño Gast ón Adrián Baiona Francisco Marcelo Tamagnone Source Type: research
Baicalin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammatory injury via suppressing PARP1-mediated NF- κB and NLRP3 signalling pathway
Toxicon. 2024 Feb 23;239:107612. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107612. Epub 2024 Jan 10.ABSTRACTBacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure is a key inducer of intestinal inflammatory injury in weaned piglets, resulting in decreased growth performance of pigs and causing severe economic losses to the swine industry; however, the mechanism of intestinal inflammatory injury is still unclear. Baicalin is one of the main active ingredients extracted from the natural plant Scutellaria baicalensis that has biological functions, including anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect and mechanism o...
Source: Toxicon - January 11, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Qirong Lu Nan Wang Defeng Wen Pu Guo Yu Liu Shulin Fu Chun Ye Zhongyuan Wu Yinsheng Qiu Source Type: research
Aflatoxin B1-induced redox imbalance in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of male Wistar rats is accompanied by altered cholinergic, indoleaminergic, and purinergic pathways: Abatement by dietary rutin
In conclusion, abatement of AFB1-induced neurobehavioral abnormalities by rutin involves the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and regulation of cholinergic, purinergic, and indoleaminergic pathways in rats.PMID:38211804 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107595 (Source: Toxicon)
Source: Toxicon - January 11, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Nworie Okoro Doris Olachi Alilonu Martina Chinazom Eze Azubuike Peter Ebokaiwe Source Type: research
