Effects of microcystin-LR on purification efficiency of simulating drinking water source by Hydrocharis dubia (Bl.) backer
This study aims to explore the performance and mechanism of MC-LR on drinking water source purification by Hydrocharis dubia (Bl.) backer. The optimum removal efficiency of NH4+-N, TP and COD were 90.7%, 93.2% and 77.3% at MC-LR concentration of 0.5 μg L-1, respectively. With the increase of MC-LR concentration, the pollutants removal rate was obviously inhibited causing by concentration-dependent. Furthermore, the growth and development of the Hydrocharis dubia (Bl.) backer roots were significantly promoted at the concentration of 0.1 μg L-1. The length, tips, surface area, and average diameter of the root increased by ...
Source: Toxicon - February 18, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Junfei Liu Yingbo Dong Hai Lin Source Type: research

Effects of microcystin-LR on purification efficiency of simulating drinking water source by Hydrocharis dubia (Bl.) backer
This study aims to explore the performance and mechanism of MC-LR on drinking water source purification by Hydrocharis dubia (Bl.) backer. The optimum removal efficiency of NH4+-N, TP and COD were 90.7%, 93.2% and 77.3% at MC-LR concentration of 0.5 μg L-1, respectively. With the increase of MC-LR concentration, the pollutants removal rate was obviously inhibited causing by concentration-dependent. Furthermore, the growth and development of the Hydrocharis dubia (Bl.) backer roots were significantly promoted at the concentration of 0.1 μg L-1. The length, tips, surface area, and average diameter of the root increased by ...
Source: Toxicon - February 18, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Junfei Liu Yingbo Dong Hai Lin Source Type: research

The association between the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and local edema after viper snake envenomation in South Korea
This study may suggest the introduction of short-term anti-inflammatory agents considering the failure of antivenom to curb local edema.PMID:38364981 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107635 (Source: Toxicon)
Source: Toxicon - February 16, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Jeong Mi Moon B J Chun Y J Koo Source Type: research

Ruminant metabolism of zygacine, the major toxic alkaloid in foothill death camas (Zigadenuspaniculatus)
The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolism of zygacine in sheep and cattle using in-vitro and in-vivo systems. Results from experiments where zygacine was incubated in rumen culture, plasma, liver S9 fractions, and liver microsomes and from the analysis of rumen and sera from sheep and cattle dosed death camas plant material demonstrated that zygacine is metabolized to zygadenine in the rumen, liver and blood of sheep and cattle. The results from this study indicate that diagnosticians should analyze for zygadenine, and not zygacine, in the rumen and sera for the diagnosis of livestock suspected to have ...
Source: Toxicon - February 16, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Stephen T Lee Clinton A Stonecipher Benedict T Green Kevin D Welch Dale R Gardner Daniel Cook Source Type: research

The association between the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and local edema after viper snake envenomation in South Korea
This study may suggest the introduction of short-term anti-inflammatory agents considering the failure of antivenom to curb local edema.PMID:38364981 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107635 (Source: Toxicon)
Source: Toxicon - February 16, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Jeong Mi Moon B J Chun Y J Koo Source Type: research

Ruminant metabolism of zygacine, the major toxic alkaloid in foothill death camas (Zigadenuspaniculatus)
The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolism of zygacine in sheep and cattle using in-vitro and in-vivo systems. Results from experiments where zygacine was incubated in rumen culture, plasma, liver S9 fractions, and liver microsomes and from the analysis of rumen and sera from sheep and cattle dosed death camas plant material demonstrated that zygacine is metabolized to zygadenine in the rumen, liver and blood of sheep and cattle. The results from this study indicate that diagnosticians should analyze for zygadenine, and not zygacine, in the rumen and sera for the diagnosis of livestock suspected to have ...
Source: Toxicon - February 16, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Stephen T Lee Clinton A Stonecipher Benedict T Green Kevin D Welch Dale R Gardner Daniel Cook Source Type: research

The association between the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and local edema after viper snake envenomation in South Korea
This study may suggest the introduction of short-term anti-inflammatory agents considering the failure of antivenom to curb local edema.PMID:38364981 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107635 (Source: Toxicon)
Source: Toxicon - February 16, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Jeong Mi Moon B J Chun Y J Koo Source Type: research

Ruminant metabolism of zygacine, the major toxic alkaloid in foothill death camas (Zigadenuspaniculatus)
The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolism of zygacine in sheep and cattle using in-vitro and in-vivo systems. Results from experiments where zygacine was incubated in rumen culture, plasma, liver S9 fractions, and liver microsomes and from the analysis of rumen and sera from sheep and cattle dosed death camas plant material demonstrated that zygacine is metabolized to zygadenine in the rumen, liver and blood of sheep and cattle. The results from this study indicate that diagnosticians should analyze for zygadenine, and not zygacine, in the rumen and sera for the diagnosis of livestock suspected to have ...
Source: Toxicon - February 16, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Stephen T Lee Clinton A Stonecipher Benedict T Green Kevin D Welch Dale R Gardner Daniel Cook Source Type: research

Therapeutic effects of hederacolchiside A1 on particulate matter-induced pulmonary injury
Toxicon. 2024 Feb 13:107650. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107650. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTParticulate matter (PM) comprises a hazardous mixture of inorganic and organic particles that carry health risks. Inhaling fine PM particles with a diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) can promote significant lung damage. Hederacolchiside A1 (HA1) exhibits notable in vivo antitumor effects against various solid tumors. However, our understanding of its therapeutic potential for individuals with PM2.5-induced lung injuries remains limited. Here, we explored the protective properties of HA1 against lung damage caused by PM2.5 exposure. H...
Source: Toxicon - February 15, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sanghee Cho Hui Ji Choi Gyu Yong Song Jong-Sup Bae Source Type: research

Therapeutic effects of hederacolchiside A1 on particulate matter-induced pulmonary injury
Toxicon. 2024 Feb 13:107650. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107650. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTParticulate matter (PM) comprises a hazardous mixture of inorganic and organic particles that carry health risks. Inhaling fine PM particles with a diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) can promote significant lung damage. Hederacolchiside A1 (HA1) exhibits notable in vivo antitumor effects against various solid tumors. However, our understanding of its therapeutic potential for individuals with PM2.5-induced lung injuries remains limited. Here, we explored the protective properties of HA1 against lung damage caused by PM2.5 exposure. H...
Source: Toxicon - February 15, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sanghee Cho Hui Ji Choi Gyu Yong Song Jong-Sup Bae Source Type: research

Mechanisms involved in the cytoprotective effects of Lonomia obliqua venom on human endometrial stromal cells
Toxicon. 2024 Feb 9:107630. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107630. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe pathophysiology of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) involves deficiencies in the proliferation and migration capacities of endometrial stromal cells (hESCs), which impair embryo implantation and development. Since animal venoms are rich source of bioactive molecules, we aimed to characterize the cytoprotective effects of Lonomia obliqua venom on hESCs. hESCs were isolated from endometrial biopsies and the mechanisms of L. obliqua venomous secretions on cell viability, proliferation and migration were characterized. Venom compone...
Source: Toxicon - February 11, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Raquel de Almeida Schneider Paula Barros Terraciano Pamela Zanon Let ícia Quandt Debora Helena Zanini Gotardi Tuane Nerissa Alves Garcez Luc élia Santi Walter Orlando Beys da Silva Ivan Sereno Montenegro John Yates Jorge Almeida Guimar ães Eduardo Pand Source Type: research

A review of poisoning with various types of biotoxins and its common clinical symptoms
CONCLUSION: The symptoms of plantar biotoxins poisoning may include cardiovascular, hematologic, neurologic, respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal symptoms, while the symptoms of fungal biotoxins poisoning may include hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, metabolic, respiratory, neurological, and cardiovascular symptoms. marine biotoxins poisoning presents with gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, with varying incubation periods and recovery times. bacterial biotoxins exposure can lead to a wide range of clinical symptoms, with diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain being the most common, and hemoglo...
Source: Toxicon - February 9, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Mohammadreza Parak Alireza Asgari Yazdan Hasani Nourian Mostafa Ghanei Source Type: research

Toxic responses of metabolites produced by Ostreopsis cf. ovata on a panel of cell types
Toxicon. 2024 Feb 6;240:107631. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107631. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBlooms of the dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata are regularly associated with human intoxications that are attributed to ovatoxins (OVTXs), the main toxic compounds produced by this organism and close analogs to palytoxin (PlTX). Unlike for PlTX, information on OVTXs'toxicity are scarce due to the absence of commercial standards. Extracts from two cultures of Mediterranean strains of O. cf. ovata (MCCV54 and MCCV55), two fractions containing or not OVTXs (prepared from the MCCV54 extract) and OVTX-a and -d (isolated from the...
Source: Toxicon - February 8, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Rachelle Lanceleur Marin-Pierre G émin Anne-Louise Blier Lisa Meslier Damien R éveillon Zouher Amzil Eva Ternon Olivier P Thomas Val érie Fessard Source Type: research

Ageratina adenophora causes intestinal integrity damage in goats via the activation of the MLCK/ROCK signaling pathway
In this study, after feeding goats with 40 % A. adenophora herb powder for 90 d, we found that the intestinal structure of goats showed pathological changes characterized, and the damage to the small intestinal segments was more severe than that of the large intestine. The MLCK/ROCK signaling pathway was activated, the cytoskeleton underwent centripetal contraction, the composition of tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells was altered table, Occludin, Claudin-1 and Zonula occluden (ZO-1) amount was decreased, and the intestinal mechanical barrier was disrupted. The intestinal damage markers diamine oxidase (DA...
Source: Toxicon - February 8, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Jianchen Wang Shu Wang Samuel Kumi Okyere Juan Wen Xiaoxuan Wang Ruya Huang Ziyao Tang Suizhong Cao Juliang Deng Zhihua Ren Yanchun Hu Source Type: research

Arenobufagin, isolated from Bufo viridis toad venom, inhibits A549  cells proliferation by inducing apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest
In this study, we further explored the impact of arenobufagin on A549 cells. The results revealed that it exerted a potent cytotoxic effect on A549 cells by inhibiting cell colony formation, promoting cell apoptosis, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and arresting A549 cells in G2/M phase. Collectively, our findings suggested that arenobufagin may have potential as a future therapeutic for lung cancer treatment.PMID:38331108 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107641 (Source: Toxicon)
Source: Toxicon - February 8, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Qiang Dong Gulmira Turdu Haji Akber Aisa Abulimiti Yili Source Type: research