The intricate relationship between microtubules and their associated motor proteins during axon growth and maintenance
The hallmarks of neurons are their slender axons which represent the longest cellular processes of animals and which act as the cables that electrically wire the brain, and the brain to the body. Axons extend along reproducible paths during development and regeneration, and they have to be maintained for the lifetime of an organism. Both axon extension and maintenance essentially depend on the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton. For this, MTs organize into parallel bundles that are established through extension at the leading axon tips within growth cones, and these bundles then form the architectural backbones, as well as the ...
Source: Neural Development - September 8, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Andreas Prokop Source Type: research
Synaptic protein and pan-neuronal gene expression and their regulation by Dicer-dependent mechanisms differ between neurons and neuroendocrine cells
Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates that remarkably different gene regulatory programs govern the expression of synaptic proteins in the neuronal and neuroendocrine branch of the sympathoadrenal system. They result in overlapping but quantitatively divergent transcript profiles. Dicer 1-dependent regulation is required to establish high neuronal mRNA levels for synaptic proteins and to maintain repression of neurofilament messages in neuroendocrine cells. (Source: Neural Development)
Source: Neural Development - August 20, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Jutta StubbuschPriyanka NarasimhanKatrin HuberKlaus UnsickerHermann RohrerUwe Ernsberger Source Type: research
Neuropilin2 regulates the guidance of post-crossing spinal commissural axons in a subtype-specific manner
Conclusions:
Together, our findings indicate that Npn2 is selectively expressed in distinct populations of commissural neurons in both the dorsal and ventral spinal cord, and suggest that Sema3-Npn2 signaling regulates the guidance of post-crossing commissural axons in a population-specific manner. (Source: Neural Development)
Source: Neural Development - July 31, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Tracy TranEdward CarlinRuihe LinEdward MartinezJane JohnsonZaven Kaprielian Source Type: research
Dicer is required for neural stem cell multipotency and lineage progression during cerebral cortex development
Conclusions:
We conclude that Dicer is required for regulating cortical stem cell multipotency with respect to neuronal diversity, without affecting the larger scale switch from neurogenesis to gliogenesis. The differences in phenotypes reported from different timings of Dicer deletion indicate that the molecular pathways regulating developmental transitions are notably dosage sensitive. (Source: Neural Development)
Source: Neural Development - July 29, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Nathalie SauratTherese AnderssonNavneet VasisthaZoltán MolnárFrederick Livesey Source Type: research
Retinoic acid regulates olfactory progenitor cell fate and differentiation
Conclusions:
Our data show that retinoic acid is not a simple placodal inductive signal, but rather controls olfactory neuronal production by regulating the fate of olfactory progenitor cells. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3 (RALDH3) is the key enzyme required to generate retinoic acid within the olfactory epithelium. (Source: Neural Development)
Source: Neural Development - July 5, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Marie PaschakiLaura CammasYuko MutaYoko MatsuokaSiu-Shan MakMonika Rataj-BaniowskaValérie FraulobPascal DolléRaj Ladher Source Type: research
Sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells share a common progenitor in the neural crest in vivo
Conclusions:
Our results show that sympathetic neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells share a common progenitor in the NT. Together with previous findings we suggest that phenotypic diversification of these sublineages is likely to occur after delamination from the NT and prior to target encounter. (Source: Neural Development)
Source: Neural Development - June 18, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Stella ShtukmasterMarie SchierKatrin HuberShlomo KrispinChaya KalcheimKlaus Unsicker Source Type: research
Contributions of VLDLR and LRP8 in the establishment of retinogeniculate projections
Conclusions:
In contrast to our expectations, the development of both the LGN and retinogeniculate projections appeared dramatically different in mutants lacking either reelin or both canonical reelin receptors. These results suggest that there are reelin-independent functions of VLDLR and LRP8 in LGN development, and VLDLR- and LRP8-independent functions of reelin in class-specific axonal targeting. (Source: Neural Development)
Source: Neural Development - June 13, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Jianmin SuMichael KlemmAnne JosephsonMichael Fox Source Type: research
The Caenorhabditis elegans voltage-gated calcium channel subunits UNC-2 and UNC-36 and the calcium-dependent kinase UNC-43/CaMKII regulate neuromuscular junction morphology
Conclusions:
We identified UNC-2/UNC-36 VGCCs and UNC-43/CaMKII as regulators of C. elegans synaptogenesis. UNC-2 has a modest role in synapse formation, but a broader role in regulating dynamic changes in the size and morphology of synapses that occur during organismal development. During the late 4th larval stage (L4), wild type animals exhibit synaptic morphologies that are similar to those found in animals lacking NID-1/PTP-3 adhesion, as well as those with constitutive activation of UNC-43. Genetic evidence indicates that the VGCCs and the NID-1/PTP-3 adhesion complex provide opposing functions in synaptic development...
Source: Neural Development - May 10, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Raymond CaylorYishi JinBrian Ackley Source Type: research
Development and specification of cerebellar stem and progenitor cells in zebrafish: from embryo to adult
Conclusions:
Our results in the zebrafish cerebellum show that neural stem and progenitor cell types are specified and they produce distinct cell lineages and sub-types of brain cells. We propose that only specific subtypes of brain cells are continuously produced throughout life in the teleost fish brain. This implies that the post-embryonic neurogenesis in fish is linked to the production of particular neurons involved in specific brain functions, rather than to general, indeterminate growth of the CNS and all of its cell types. (Source: Neural Development)
Source: Neural Development - May 4, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Jan KaslinVolker KroehneFrancesca BenatoFrancesco ArgentonMichael Brand Source Type: research
Temporal and spatial requirements of Smoothened in ventral midbrain neuronal development
Conclusion:
These results highlight previously unrecognized effects of Shh-Smoothened signaling in the region-specific neurogenesis within the vMB. (Source: Neural Development)
Source: Neural Development - April 26, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Mianzhi TangSarah LuoVivian TangEric Huang Source Type: research
AKT activation by N-cadherin regulates beta-catenin signaling and neuronal differentiation during cortical development
Conclusions:
These results show that N-cadherin regulates beta-catenin signaling through both Wnt and AKT, and suggest a previously unrecognized role for AKT in neuronal differentiation and cell survival during cortical development. (Source: Neural Development)
Source: Neural Development - April 25, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Jianing ZhangJulie ShemezisErin McQuinnJing WangMaria SverdlovAnjen Chenn Source Type: research
Early-born neurons in type II neuroblast lineages establish a larval primordium and integrate into adult circuitry during central complex development in Drosophila
Conclusions:
Taken together, these findings indicate that early-born neurons from type II neuroblast lineages have dual roles in the development of a complex brain neuropile. During larval stages they contribute to the formation of a specific central complex primordium; during subsequent pupal development they undergo extensive growth and differentiation and integrate into the modular circuitry of the adult brain central complex. (Source: Neural Development)
Source: Neural Development - April 23, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Nadia RiebliGudrun ViktorinHeinrich Reichert Source Type: research
Developmental time rather than local environment regulates the schedule of epithelial polarization in the zebrafish neural rod
Conclusions:
Time rather than local environment regulates the schedule of epithelial polarization in zebrafish neural rod. (Source: Neural Development)
Source: Neural Development - March 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Gemma GirdlerClaudio ArayaXiaoyun RenJonathan Clarke Source Type: research
Histamine up-regulates fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and increases FOXP2 neurons in cultured neural precursors by histamine type 1 receptor activation: conceivable role of histamine in neurogenesis during cortical development in vivo
Conclusion:
These results show that HA, by activating H1R, has a neurogenic effect in clonal conditions and suggest that intracellular calcium elevation and transcriptional up-regulation of FGFR1 participate in HA-induced neuronal differentiation to FOXP2 cells in vitro; furthermore, H1R blockade in vivo resulted in decreased cortical FOXP2+ neurons. (Source: Neural Development)
Source: Neural Development - March 7, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Anayansi Molina-HernándezGriselda Rodríguez-MartínezItzel Escobedo-ÁvilaIván Velasco Source Type: research
Neurogenesis in zebrafish - from embryo to adult
Neurogenesis in the developing central nervous system consists of the induction and proliferation of neural progenitor cells and their subsequent differentiation into mature neurons. External as well as internal cues orchestrate neurogenesis in a precise temporal and spatial way. In the last 20 years, the zebrafish has proven to be an excellent model organism to study neurogenesis in the embryo. Recently, this vertebrate has also become a model for the investigation of adult neurogenesis and neural regeneration. Here, we summarize the contributions of zebrafish in neural development and adult neurogenesis. (Source: Neural Development)
Source: Neural Development - February 21, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Rebecca SchmidtUwe SträhleSteffen Scholpp Source Type: research
