Moving beyond cisplatin resistance: mechanisms, challenges, and prospects for overcoming recurrence in clinical cancer therapy
AbstractCisplatin, a classical platinum-based chemotherapy agent, has been a frontline treatment for various cancers for decades. However, its effectiveness has been hindered by the development of resistance, leading to cancer relapse. Addressing this challenge is crucial for both clinical practice and research. Hence, the imperative to unravel the intricate mechanisms underpinning cisplatin resistance and to uncover novel strategies to overcome this barrier holds immense significance. Within this review, we summarized the classification of platinum agents, highlighting their roles in therapeutic landscapes. We discussed t...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 8, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide in combination with pitavastatin or simvastatin against breast cancer cells
AbstractFighting breast tumors mandates finding different agents devoid of chemotherapy side effects. Repurposing existing drugs, such as statins, presents a promising avenue for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Based on the different effects of statin members, this study aims to evaluate the effect of two of the most promising lipophilic statins, Simvastatin and Pitavastatin, and their combination with a conventional chemotherapeutic regimen of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide on breast cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell lines were used to analyze the effects of Pitavastatin and simvastatin in combination...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 5, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The evaluation of the anti-cancer effects of Anoectochilus roxburghii on hematological cancers in vitro
This study investigated the potential anticancer effect ofA. roxburghi (AR) on JURKAT, MM1S, THP1 and U266 cells. To test the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of AR, hematological cancer cells were exposed to increasing doses of AR (0.1 –0.5 µg/µl). The spectrophotometric MTT assay and the flow cytometric Annexin V staining were used to examine the viability and apoptosis of the cells, respectively. qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression levels of the apoptosis-related genesBAD, BAX, BIM andBCL-2. Our results show that AR treatment decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in each cell line. Our RT-PCR data ...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 4, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Emerging treatment approaches for triple-negative breast cancer
AbstractApproximately, 15% of global breast cancer cases are diagnosed as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), identified as the most aggressive subtype due to the simultaneous absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2. This characteristic renders TNBC highly aggressive and challenging to treat, as it excludes the use of effective drugs such as hormone therapy and anti-HER2 agents. In this review, we explore standard therapies and recent emerging approaches for TNBC, including PARP inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors, and cytotoxin-conjugated antibodies. The mechanism ...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 1, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
In vitro evaluation of p-coumaric acid and naringin combination in human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431)
AbstractCancer is considered most detrimental due to high mortality worldwide. Among them, skin cancers play a major part by affecting one in three cancer patients globally. About 2 –3 million cancer cases were reported to be non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers, respectively. Although chemotherapeutic drugs act on cancer cells but results in long-lasting morbidities which affects one’s quality of life and also works only in the initial stage of the cancer. Hence, an idea of traditional medicine to cure the disease efficiently with less side effects was pursued by the researchers. We have assessed the combination ef...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 29, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Chitosan-encapsulated naringenin promotes ROS mediated through the activation of executioner caspase-3
AbstractWe previously reported that chitosan nanoparticle-encapsulated Naringenin (CS-NPs/NAR) could scavenge free radicals at lower doses and be cytotoxic to cancer cells. The current study continues to focus on the mechanism behind CS-NPs/NAR-induced breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) death. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with higher concentrations (100, 200, and 200 µg) of Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs), naringenin (NAR), and chitosan-encapsulated naringenin (CS-NPs/NAR). The cell viability, proliferation, and oxidative stress parameters, such as nitric oxide [NO], xanthine oxidase (XOD), and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 28, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
n-3 PUFAs synergistically enhance the efficacy of doxorubicin by inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells
AbstractBreast cancer stands as a prominent contributor to cancer-related fatalities among women globally, characterized by an unfavorable prognosis, low survival rates, and its conventional treatment approach involving chemotherapy. Doxorubicin (DOXO) represents a potent anti-tumor agent widely employed in combating breast cancer. Regrettably, a substantial proportion of patients eventually develop resistance to DOXO treatment, elevating the risk of relapse and adverse clinical outcomes. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), recognized as essential components of the human diet, have exhibited considerable promi...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 28, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Comprehensive genomic profiling for oncological advancements by precision medicine
AbstractConsiderable advancements in next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have sparked the use of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) as a guiding tool for precision-centered oncological treatments. The past two decades have seen the completion of the human genome project, and the consequential invention of NGS. High-throughput sequencing technologies support the discovery and commonplace use of individualized cancer treatments, specifically immune-centered checkpoint inhibitor therapies, and oncogene and tumor suppressor gene targeted therapies. Nevertheless, CGP is not commonly used in all clinical settings. Thi...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 22, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Efficacy and safety of Huachansu combined with adjuvant chemotherapy in resected colorectal cancer patients: a prospective, open-label, randomized phase II study
AbstractAlthough some studies in China have suggested Huachansu (HCS) combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of various cancers, there are few studies on colorectal cancer (CRC), especially in postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that HCS combined with adjuvant chemotherapy would improve survival probability in resected CRC patients. This was a prospective, open-label, randomized phase II study. Patients with stage III or high-risk stage II resected CRC were randomly assigned to the chemotherapy and HCS + chemotherapy groups. The Chemotherapy group was...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 15, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Examining the effect of activated cytotoxic (CD8+) T-cell exosomes to the lung cancer
In this study, we aimed to determine the cytotoxic and metastatic inhibitory effects of ACTC-dExo in A549 cells in vitro. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were isolated from whole blood obtained from healthy individuals and cultured for 5 –7 days after stimulation. The ACTC-dExo serum-free culture medium was collected by ultracentrifugation. Characterization and quantification of the isolated exosomes were performed using flow cytometry, electron microscopy, zeta-sizer measurements, and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assays. We co-cultu red ACTC and ACTC-dExo with A549 cells for 48 h. The viability of A549 cells was evaluated using a ...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 15, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
A comparative analysis of phyto-components on EGFR binding, viability, and migration in HPV positive ME180 and HPV negative C33A cervical cancer cells
AbstractA need for effective implementation of cervical cancer (CC) even in developed countries insist the urge for developing an effective drug molecule to treat CC. Previously, we showed an inverse correlation between survival of CC patients and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) levels. Newer tyrosine kinase inhibitors to treat CC are being constantly pursued. In this context, the proposed study is an attempt to perform a comparative analysis using 20 phyto-components to determine the effective lead molecule. Molecular docking was utilized to determine the comparative efficacy of 20 phyto-components in bindin...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 14, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
IAP inhibitor plus chemoradiotherapy for the treatment of bulky anal canal carcinoma
AbstractThe aim of this editorial is to focus on the urgent need to improve clinical outcomes in patients with bulky primary anal canal carcinoma. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - November 14, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Molecular insight into renal cancer and latest therapeutic approaches to tackle it: an updated review
AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most lethal genitourinary cancers, with the highest mortality rate, and may remain undetected throughout its development. RCC can be sporadic or hereditary. Exploring the underlying genetic abnormalities in RCC will have important implications for understanding the origins of nonhereditary renal cancers. The treatment of RCC has evolved over centuries from the era of cytokines to targeted therapy to immunotherapy. A surgical cure is the primary treatment modality, especially for organ-confined diseases. Furthermore, the urologic oncology community focuses on nephron-sparing ...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 13, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Therapeutic cell-based vaccines for glioblastoma multiforme
This article provides a comprehensive review of therapeutic vaccinations employing cell-based vaccine strategies for the management of GBM. A meticulous evaluation of 45 clinical trials involving more than 1500 participants revealed that cell-based vaccinations have exhibited favorable safety profiles with minimal toxicity. Moreover, these vaccines have demonstrated modest improvements in overall survival and progression-free survival among patients. However, certain limitations still persist. Notably, there is a need for advancements in the development of potent antigens to evoke immune responses, as well as the optimizat...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 12, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
3-AP inhibits the growth of human osteosarcoma by decreasing the activity of the iron-dependent pathway
In conclusion, 3-AP exhibits anticancer activity in OS by decreasing the activity of iron-dependent pathways, which could be a promising therapeutic strategy for OS. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - November 11, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
