Correction to: Exploring the advances of single ‑cell RNA sequencing in thyroid cancer: a narrative review
(Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - February 23, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Insights into lenvatinib resistance: mechanisms, potential biomarkers, and strategies to enhance sensitivity
AbstractLenvatinib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor capable of promoting apoptosis, suppressing angiogenesis, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, and modulating the immune response. In multiple cancer types, lenvatinib has presented manageable safety and is currently approved as an effective first-line therapy. However, with the gradual increase in lenvatinib application, the inevitable progression of resistance to lenvatinib is becoming more prevalent. A series of recent researches have reported the mechanisms underlying the development of lenvatinib resistance in tumor therapy, which are related to the regul...
Source: Medical Oncology - February 21, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Clinical significance of blocking novel immune checkpoint B7-H4 in urothelial carcinoma of bladder as a potential therapeutic target
In this study we assessed the novel immune checkpoint B7-H4 status in UCB patients. We observed elevated expression of B7-H4 and PD-L1 on CD8+ T cells in circulation of UCB patients. Relative mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry displayed upregulation in bladder tumor tissue. Increased expression of B7-H4 along with PD-L1 in periphery and tumor of UCB patients highlights involvement of B7-H4 in disease progression. Combinatorial blo cking of B7-H4 and PD-L1 enhanced IFN-γ and granzyme B in CD8+ T cells functional T cell immune response in UCB patients. Also, B7-H4 was significantly associated with clinico-patholog...
Source: Medical Oncology - February 20, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Advancements in biosensors for cancer detection: revolutionizing diagnostics
This study celebrates the relentless pursuit of progress, where electrochemical innovations take center stage in the quest for a world free from the clutches of carcinoma. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - February 19, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
CRP inhibits the osteoblastic differentiation of OPCs via the up-regulation of primary cilia and repression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway
AbstractInflammation disrupts bone metabolism and leads to bone damage. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a typical inflammation marker. Although CRP measurement has been conducted for many decades, how osteoblastic differentiation influences molecular mechanisms remains largely unknown. The present study attempted to investigate the effects of CRP on primary cultured osteoblast precursor cells (OPCs) while elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. OPCs were isolated from suckling Sprague-Dawleyrats. Fewer OPCs were observed after recombinant C-reactive protein treatment. In a series of experiments, CRP inhibited OPC prol...
Source: Medical Oncology - February 12, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Selective targeting or reprogramming of intra-tumoral Tregs
AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical immunosuppressive cells that are frequently present in the tumor microenvironment of solid cancers and enable progression of tumors toward metastasis. The cells expand in response to tumor-associated antigens and are actively involved in bypassing immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors through integrating numerous environmental signals. A point here is that Tregs are clonally distinct in peripheral blood from tumor area. Currently, an effective and novel task in cancer immunotherapy is to selectively destabilize or deplete intra-tumoral Tregs in order to avoid system...
Source: Medical Oncology - February 11, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The combined anti-tumor effects of 5-fluorouracil and neurokinin receptor inhibitor, aprepitant, against colorectal cancer: In vitro and in vivo study
ConclusionsCollectively, combinatory treatment with aprepitant and 5-FU potentially exerts synergistic growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in CRC, deserving further consideration as a novel strategy for CRC patients. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - February 10, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
A therapeutical insight into the correlation between circRNAs and signaling pathways involved in cancer pathogenesis
AbstractPre-messenger RNA molecules are back-spliced to create circular RNAs, which are non-coding RNA molecules. After a thorough investigation, it was discovered that these circRNAs have critical biological roles. CircRNAs have a variety of biological functions, including their ability to operate as microRNA sponges, interact with proteins to alter their stabilities and activities, and provide templates for the translation of proteins. Evidence supports a link between the emergence of numerous diseases, including various cancer types, and dysregulated circRNA expression. It is commonly known that a significant contributi...
Source: Medical Oncology - February 4, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Regulation of the P53 tumor suppressor gene and the Mcl-2 oncogene expression by an active herbal component delivered through a smart thermo-pH-sensitive PLGA carrier to improve Osteosarcoma treatment
AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS), a lethal malignancy, has witnessed an escalating incidence rate. Contemporary therapeutic strategies for this cancer have proven to be inadequate, primarily due to their extensive side effects and the lack of specificity in targeting the molecular pathways implicated in this disease. Consequently, this project is aimed to manufacture and characterize Poly (Lactic-co-glycolic acid) embodying curcumin, a phytocompound devoid of adverse effects which not only exerts an anti-neoplastic influence but also significantly modulates the genetic pathways associated with this malignancy. In this investigati...
Source: Medical Oncology - January 30, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Unlocking the ‘ova’-coming power: immunotherapy’s role in shaping the future of ovarian cancer treatment
AbstractOvarian cancer is a prominent cancer worldwide with a relatively low survival rate for women diagnosed. Many individuals are diagnosed in the late stage of the disease and are prescribed a wide variety of treatment options. Current treatment options are primarily a combination of surgery and chemotherapy as well as a new but promising treatment involving immunotherapy. Nevertheless, contemporary therapeutic modalities exhibit a discernible lag in advancement when compared with the strides achieved in recent years in the context of other malignancies. Moreover, many surgery and chemotherapy options have a high risk ...
Source: Medical Oncology - January 29, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Pyroptosis in cancer treatment and prevention: the role of natural products and their bioactive compounds
AbstractTargeting programmed cell death (PCD) has been emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer. Pyroptosis, as a type of PCDs, leads to the cleavage of the gasdermin family and the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and gasdermin E (GSDME) are the two main executors of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis in tumor and immune cells is essential for tumor progression. Natural products, especially Chinese medicinal herb and their bioactive compounds have recently been regarded as anti-tumor agents that regulate cell pyroptosis under different circumstances. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of...
Source: Medical Oncology - January 28, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Up and away with cervical cancer: IL-29 is a promising cytokine for immunotherapy of cervical cancer due to its powerful upregulation of p18, p27, and TRAILR1
This study was performed to investigate the direct effect on cervical cancer cell growth. Clonogenic survival assay, cell proliferation, and caspase-3 activity kits were used to evaluate the effects of IL-29 on cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis of a well-studied ce rvical cancer cell line, SiHa. We further investigated the potential molecular mechanisms by using RT-PCR and IHC. We found that the percentage of colonies of SiHa cells was decreased in the presence of IL-29. This was consistent with a decreased OD value of cancer cells. Furthermore, the relative c aspase-3 activity in cancer cells increased in the pr...
Source: Medical Oncology - January 28, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Synergistic inhibitory actions of resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and diallyl trisulfide against skin cancer cell line A431 through mitochondrial caspase dependent pathway: a combinational drug approach
AbstractThe harmful effect of chemotherapeutic side effects has paid a way to discover a novel with curative way for skin cancer treatment. Skin cancer prevention is more viable with the use of combination of bioactive agents than using of single bioactive compounds. Present work was demonstrated to evaluate the interaction of Resveratrol (Res), Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) with each other as a binary combination on A431 cells. Nuclear fragmentation analysis of combination of bioactive agents using DAPI analysis, detection of apoptosis, analysis of cell cycle, ROS assay, antimigration as...
Source: Medical Oncology - January 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
C-5401331 identified as a novel T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) inhibitor to control acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell proliferation
AbstractT-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) is a checkpoint protein expressed in exhausted T-cells during cancer scenarios. This exhaustion may end in T-cell effector dysfunction, resulting in suboptimal control of cancers like acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to block checkpoint receptors such as Tim-3 is an emerging, revolutionary concept in the immuno-oncology therapeutic arena; however, ICIs are not effective on myeloid malignancies. Here, a multifaceted approach is utilized to identify novel compounds that target and inhibit Tim-3 with improved ef...
Source: Medical Oncology - January 24, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
A novel therapeutic strategy: the significance of exosomal miRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia
AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fast-growing blood cancer that interferes with the normal growth of blood cells in the bone marrow and blood. It is characterized by its unpredictable outlook and high death rate. The main treatment for AML is chemotherapy, but this often results in drug resistance and the possibility of the disease returning. For this reason, new biomarkers are necessary to diagnose, predict, and treat this disease. Research has demonstrated that cells responsible for AML release exosomes that interact with the disease ’s microenvironment. These exosomes have significant roles in promoting leuke...
Source: Medical Oncology - January 23, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
