Deregulation of cytokine affecting oral neutrophil subsets in oral cancer
AbstractThe most prevalent form of leukocytes in human blood, neutrophils, is regarded as an essential part of the innate immune system and the body ’s 1st line of defense against foreign invaders. However, divergent opinions arise on the role of neutrophils in cancer, likely due to the occurrence of many neutrophil subsets. Several factors in the tumor microenvironment were found to modify the phenotype and function of neutrophils. Inhibitory cytokine production and recruitment of protumor immune cells to the tumor microenvironment are the reasons for immune suppression. Although some salivary cytokines were found to be...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 27, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
C2orf48 promotes the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating high mobility group AT-hook 2
AbstractRecurrence and metastasis are the major factors affecting the survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and the mechanism remains unclear. Long non-coding RNA chromosome 2 open reading frame 48 (C2orf48) has been shown to influence the prognosis of many cancers. However, C2orf48 ’s function in NPC has not been clarified. In this investigation, C2orf48 expression in NPC was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) at the cellular and tissue levels, and the association between C2orf48 expression and the prognosis of patients with NPC was examined. Additionally, the effects of C2orf48 and high mobility gro...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 27, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals crucial oncogenic signatures and its associative cell types involved in gastric cancer
This study demonstrates a systematic approach to identifying oncogenic gastric cancer genes linked with different cell types. The raw counts of adjacent normal and gastric cancer samples are subjected to a quality control step. The dimensionality reduction and multidimensional clustering are performed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) techniques. The adjacent normal and gastric cancer sample cell clusters are annotated with the Human Primary Cell Atlas database using the “SingleR.” Cellular state transition between the distinct groups is characterized usin...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 23, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Silencing POLE2 promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinomas by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in the head and neck at present, but the mechanism of its occurrence and development is still unclear, and there is still a lack of effective targeting drugs. The second major subunit of DNA polymerase (POLE2) has exonuclease activity and can catalyze the replication and modification of new chains. Our previous studies have found that it is associated with OSCC progression, but the mechanism is unclear.The expression of POLE2 in OSCC was detected by immunological method. The expression of POLE2 was inhibited in OSCC cells, and the biological function o...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 21, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Role of tissue markers associated with tumor microenvironment in the progression and immune suppression of oral squamous cell carcinoma
AbstractHead and neck cancers (HNC) continues to dominate major cancers contributing to mortality worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma is the major type of HNC. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma grouped under HNC is a malignant tumor occurring in the oral cavity. The primary risk factors of OSCC are tobacco, alcohol consumption, etc. This review focuses on modulations, mechanisms, growth a nd differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer cell surrounds itself with a group of elements forming a favorable environment known as tumor microenvironment (TME). It consists of numerous cells which includes immune cells, blood...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 20, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Expanding CYLD protein in NF- κβ/TNF-α signaling pathway in response to Lactobacillus acidophilus in non-metastatic rectal cancer patients
AbstractThe CYLD gene is a tumor suppressor, reduced in many cancers. Here, we aimed to investigate CYLD protein level and NF- κβ/TNF-α signaling pathway in rectal cancer patients withLactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) consumption. One hundred ten patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer were randomly divided intoL. acidophilus probiotic (500 mg, three times daily) and placebo groups for 13 weeks. The expression of CYLD, TNF-α, and NF-κB proteins and the genes involved in the NF-κβ/TNF-α pathway were evaluated using ELISA and qPCR techniques. The survival rate was measured after five years. Unlike the ...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 19, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Effect of insulin on IR and GLP1-R expressions in HT22 cells
This study aims to investigate the effect of insulin administered to immortalized clonal mouse hippocampal cell line (HT22) at different doses and intervals on IR, insulin receptor A (IRA), insulin receptor B (IRB), and Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1-R) mRNA expression and protein levels. The cells were planted in 6 well plates at a density of 3 × 105/4 × 105. Cells treated with insulin at different concentrations (5, 10, and 40 nM) were collected at 0.5, 2, 8, 16, and 24 h. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to measure mRNA expression and protein levels. Our results showed that insulin has s...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 15, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
AKT-independent signaling in PIK3CA-mutant thyroid cancer mediates resistance to dual SRC and MEK1/2 inhibition
AbstractAnaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and aggressive disease with 90% of patients succumbing to this disease 1 year after diagnosis. The approval of the combination therapy of a BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib with the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib has improved the overall survival of ATC patients. However, resistance to therapy remains a major problem. We have previously demonstrated combined inhibition of Src with dasatinib and MEK1/2 with trametinib synergistically inhibits growth and induces apoptosis inBRAF- andRAS-mutant thyroid cancer cells, howeverPIK3CA-mutant cells exhibit a mixed response. Herein, we determi...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 15, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
MicroRNA based combinatorial therapy against TKIs resistant CML by inactivating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: a review
AbstractChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by presence of Philadelphia chromosome, which harborsBCR-ABL oncogene responsible for encoding BCR-ABL oncoprotein. This oncoprotein interferes with cellular signaling pathways, resulting in tumor progression. Among these pathways, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is significantly upregulated in CML. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are current standard therapy for CML, and they have shown remarkable efficacy. However, emergence of TKIs drug resistance has necessitated investigation of novel therapeutic approaches. Components of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway have emerged as attractive ...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 15, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Label-free nLC-MS/MS proteomic analysis reveals significant differences in the proteome between colorectal cancer tissues and normal colon mucosa
In this study, tissue samples (tumor and normal mucosa) were first collected from the colon or rectum by right or left hemicolectomy. Proteomic analysis was then performed using the label-free nLC-MS/MS method. We determined 77 proteins with statistically significant differences in expression levels between cancerous and normal mucosa. While the expression of 76 proteins was decreased in cancer tissues, only one protein (RNA-binding motif protein_X chromosome —RBMX) was increased in colorectal cancer tissues. The bioinformatics portal Metascape was used to determine the biological processes involved. 77 proteins with sig...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 14, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Vitamin C inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cell HCT116 and reverses the glucose-induced oncogenic effect by downregulating the Warburg effect
AbstractMalnutrition caused by insufficient nutritional supply may significantly hinder the quality of life among cancer patients. Sugar provides energy and nutritional support, but it also promotes cancer growth. Warburg effect is the reprogrammed glucose metabolic mode of cancer cells that meets the intensified ATP demand and biosynthesis. Vitamin C (VC) has anti-tumor effect. However, the relationship between cytotoxicity of VC on cancer cells and Warburg effect remains elusive, the effect of VC on glucose-induced oncogenic effect is also unclear. Based on colorectal cancer cell HCT116, our finding revealed that the dis...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 13, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Identification of the therapeutic mechanism of the saffron crocus on glioma through network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis
AbstractSaffron crocus is a herbal medicine of traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM). Saffron extract has been indicated to inhibit tumor cell growth and promote tumor cell apoptosis in a variety of cancers, including glioma, but the specific mechanism is not clear. To study the possible mechanism of saffron action on glioma, network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis methods were used in this study. We used the online database to obtain the active ingredients of saffron and their targets. Glioma-related targets were also acquired from online database. We intersected drug targets with glioma-related targets and conducte...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 10, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Therapeutic approaches for HTLV-1-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: a comprehensive review
AbstractAdult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), an infrequent malignancy resultant from human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1), exhibits a spectrum of phenotypes, encompassing acute, smoldering, lymphomatous, and chronic variants, each bearing distinct clinical presentations. The preponderant acute manifestation is characterized by hypercalcemia, systemic manifestations, organomegaly, and dermatological eruptions. Conversely, the chronic phenotype is typified by lymphocytosis and/or cutaneous eruptions, while smoldering ATLL assumes an asymptomatic course. Immunocompromise afflicts ATLL patients, heightening their ...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 9, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
GLDC promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through epithelial –mesenchymal transition mediated by Hippo signaling pathway
AbstractCancer metastasis remains a major cause of death in cancer patients, and epithelial –mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a decisive role in cancer metastasis. Recently, abnormal expression of Glycine Decarboxylase (GLDC) has been demonstrated in tumor progression, and GLDC is up-regulated in cancers, such as lung, prostate, bladder, and cervical cancers. However, the exact role of GLDC in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remains to be elucidated. The aim of our study was to explore the role of GLDC in CRC metastasis. The GSE75117 database was used to investigate GLDC expression in tumor center and invasive fron...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 5, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Chitosan oligosaccharide suppresses osteosarcoma malignancy by inhibiting CEMIP via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
This study investigates the effects of COS on CEMIP expression in osteosarcoma and explores the underlying mechanism. In present study, in vitro experiments were conducted to confirm the inhibitory activity of COS on human osteosarcoma cells. Our results demonstrate that COS possesses inhibitory effects against human osteosarcoma cells and significantly suppresses CEMIP expression in vitro. Next, we studied the inhibition of the expression of CEMIP by COS and then performed bioinformatics analysis to explore the potential inhibitory mechanism of COS against signaling pathways involved in regulating CEMIP expression. Bioinf...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 5, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
