The emerging role of breast cancer derived extracellular vesicles-mediated intercellular communication in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis
In conclusion, an environment of tumor-derived EVs changes the cellular phenotype of cancer and noncancerous cells and may lead to tumor progression and metastasis. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - December 26, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Inhibition of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and modulation of histone deacetylase enzymes reduce the growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells
In conclusion, although more mechanistic studies are required, a combinational inhibition of PI3K and HDAC could be a promising approach for AML. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - December 26, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
GNL3L promotes autophagy via regulating AMPK signaling in esophageal cancer cells
AbstractGuanine nucleotide-binding protein-like 3-like (GNL3L), a conserved GTP-binding nucleolar protein, participates in regulating cell proliferation, and associates with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in several kind of cancers. However, the role of GNL3L in modulating autophagy remains unclear. Here, we verified that GNL3L was higher expressed in esophageal cancer (ESCA) biopsies than that in the corresponding normal biopsies by a human ESCA tissue array. Utilizing immunoblotting and real-time PCR assays, we analyzed the expression of GNL3L in several ESCA cell lines, and it was highly expressed in KYSE410 cells and...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 26, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Association of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) in epigenetic regulation of B cell differentiation in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
AbstractNon-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer which is the deadliest type of cancer for both men and women. Previous studies already showed that cell-intrinsic loss of WASp causes B cell tolerance and WASp deficiency in T helper (TH) cells is linked to negative effects on cytokine gene transcription necessary for TH1 differentiation. In the current study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in WASp-mediated epigenetic regulation of B cell differentiation during NSCLC. Our ChIP-qPCR data suggest the less percentage enrichment of the B cell differentiating factors ...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 25, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Repurposing pantoprazole in combination with systemic therapy in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a phase I/II randomized study
AbstractPantoprazole decreases the acidity of the tumor microenvironment by inhibiting proton pumps on the cancer cell. This possibly leads to increased sensitivity to cytotoxic therapy. We conducted a phase I/II randomized controlled trial in adult patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) planned for firs t-line palliative chemotherapy. Patients were randomized to chemotherapy + / − intravenous (IV) pantoprazole. The primary endpoint in phase I was to determine the maximum safe dose of intravenous pantoprazole, whereas it was progression-free survival (PFS) in phase II. The dose of IV panto...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 21, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Gut microbiota in cancer: insights on microbial metabolites and therapeutic strategies
AbstractIn recent years, the role of gut microbiota in cancer treatment has attracted substantial attention. It is now well established that gut microbiota and its metabolites significantly contribute to the incidence, treatment, and prognosis of various cancers. This review provides a comprehensive review on the pivotal role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in cancer initiation and progression. Furthermore, it evaluates the impact of gut microbiota on the efficacy and associated side effects of anticancer therapies, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, thus emphasizing the clinical importance of...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 21, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Exploring the advances of single-cell RNA sequencing in thyroid cancer: a narrative review
AbstractThyroid cancer, a prevalent form of endocrine malignancy, has witnessed a substantial increase in occurrence in recent decades. To gain a comprehensive understanding of thyroid cancer at the single-cell level, this narrative review evaluates the applications of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in thyroid cancer research. ScRNA-seq has revolutionised the identification and characterisation of distinct cell subpopulations, cell-to-cell communications, and receptor interactions, revealing unprecedented heterogeneity and shedding light on novel biomarkers for therapeutic discovery. These findings aid in the const...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 21, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Recombinant human endostatin as a potential anti-angiogenic agent: therapeutic perspective and current status
AbstractAngiogenesis is the physiological process that results in the formation of new blood vessels develop from pre-existing vasculature and plays a significant role in several physiological and pathological processes. Inhibiting angiogenesis, a crucial mechanism in the growth and metastasis of cancer, has been proposed as a potential anticancer therapy. Different studies showed the beneficial effects of angiogenesis inhibitors either in patients suffering from different cancers, alone or in combination with conventional therapies. Even though there are currently a number of efficient anti-angiogenic drugs, including mon...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 21, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry reveals related proteins involved in the occurrence of early intestinal-type gastric cancer
AbstractIdentifying proteins associated with the onset of early intestinal-type gastric cancer (EIGC) can yield valuable insights into the pathogenesis of this specific subtype of gastric cancer. Data-independent acquisition mass spectroscopy (DIA-MS) was utilized to identify the differential protein between 10 cases of EIGC and atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia (NGC). The expressions of IPO4, TBL1XR1, p62/SQSTM1, PKP3, and CRTAP were verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 20 EIGC samples, 17 gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) samples, and 21 healthy controls. The prognostic values of the fiv...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 19, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Understanding the charismatic potential of nanotechnology to treat skin carcinoma
AbstractCarcinoma is a condition that continues to pose a significant challenge, despite current medical advances. Skin carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer, and it has seen a massive increase all over the world. The challenges with current treatment are due to toxicity that leads to many more skin complications. Due to this to avoid such complications by designing diverse nanoparticles as delivery carriers, nanomedicine is employed as a hub for diagnostics and therapy. Liposomes, gold nanoparticles, transferases, nanofibers, etc., can all be used as delivery nanocarriers. These nanoparticles ’ structures and charact...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 19, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Decoding the interaction between miR-19a and CBX7 focusing on the implications for tumor suppression in cancer therapy
AbstractCancer is a complex and multifaceted disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, genetic alterations, and disruption of normal cellular processes, leading to the formation of malignant tumors with potentially devastating consequences for patients. Molecular research is important in the diagnosis and treatment, one of the molecular mechanisms involved in various cancers is the fluctuation of gene expression. Non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, are involved in different stages of cancer. MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that are naturally produced within cells and bind to the 3 ʹ-UTR of target mRNA, repre...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 19, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in metaplastic breast cancer and phyllodes breast tumors
AbstractEpithelial –mesenchymal transition (EMT), a transdifferentiation program whereby epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal phenotype, is essential during embryonic development. EMT has also been implicated in cancer progression by conferring migratory and metastatic potential, as well as cell plasticity and stem cell like traits, to cancer cells. Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare aggressive type of breast cancer characterized by the presence of heterologous elements, typically by the existence of epithelial and mesenchymal components. Phyllodes tumors (PTs) are uncommon fibroepithelial neoplasms consisting ...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 16, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Estrogen receptor positive breast cancer: contemporary nuances to sequencing therapy
AbstractThe treatment landscape of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer has evolved dramatically in recent years. While the combination of endocrine therapy and a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor is accepted as standard first-line treatment in most settings without visceral crisis, newer therapies have challenged traditional treatment models where cytotoxic chemotherapy was previously felt to be the only second-line option at time of progression. The incorporation of next-generation sequencing has led to the identification of molecular targets for therap...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 16, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Evaluation of immune density, PD-L1, and CXCR4 expressions in metaplastic breast carcinoma to predict potential immunotherapy benefit
This study provides rationale for further studies to determine whether a subset of patients with metaplastic breast cancer could derive a meaningful benefit from immune-targeting therapies. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - December 15, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
What is the optimal (neo)adjuvant strategy of extremity high-risk soft tissue sarcomas (ESTS)?
AbstractCurrently, the standard treatment for extremity high-risk soft tissue sarcomas (ESTS) combines surgery and pre- or post-op radiation therapy (RT). In some selected cases, chemotherapy (CT) is incorporated into the therapeutic algorithm as a neoadjuvant approach to enable conservative management. Given the risk of local or metastatic relapse, this paper discusses the potential benefits of CT and RT in high-grade ESTs. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to neoadjuvant CT, the prognostic value of the pathological response to neoadjuvant treatment, and the role for an adjuvant"boost" following rese...
Source: Medical Oncology - December 12, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
