Investigation of the TLR4 and IRF3 signaling pathway-mediated effects of monensin in colorectal cancer cells
AbstractMonensin is an ionophore antibiotic isolated fromStreptomyces cinnamonensis with very strong antibacterial and antiparasitic effects. Although monensin is known to exhibit anticancer activity in different cancer types, there are a very limited number of studies on its anti-inflammatory effects in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the TLR4/IRF3-mediated antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of monensin in colorectal cancer cells. The dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative activity of monensin in colorectal cancer cells was determined by XTT method and its effects o...
Source: Medical Oncology - May 23, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The past, present, and future of immunotherapy for endometrial adenocarcinoma
This study could be helpful for clinicians to identify treatment options more suitable for women with late-stage endometrial adenocarcinoma. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - May 23, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Depletion of enhancer zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) directs transcription factors associated with T cell differentiation through epigenetic regulation of Yin Yang 1(YY1) in combating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
AbstractNon-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of death in all countries alike. In the current study, we have found out that Histone H3Lys4trimethylation is abnormal on YY1 in CD4+T Helper (TH) cells of NSCLC patients which is evident by Histone H3Lys27 trimethylation mediated via EZH2. We investigated the status of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and the involvement of certain transcription factors that lead to tumorigenesis after depleting endogenous EZH2 in vitro by CRISPR/Cas9 in the CD4+TH1-or-TH2-polarized cells isolated initially as CD4+TH0 cells from the PBMC of the control subjects and patients suffering from NS...
Source: Medical Oncology - May 22, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Plumbagin binds to epidermal growth factor receptor and mitigate the effects of epidermal growth factor micro-environment in PANC-1 cells
AbstractA sustained increase in the mortality of pancreatic cancer (PC) and sudden metastasis-related mortality is a cause for concern. Aberrant expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is noted in several cases of PC metastasis. The present study is aimed at analyzing the expression of EGFR in PC and its relevance to the progression of PC. Despite the number of studies that have shown the benefits of plumbagin on PC cells, its role on cancer stem cells remains largely unknown. To this end, the study used an EGF micro-environment to make cancer stem cells in vitro and ascertained the role of plumbagin in...
Source: Medical Oncology - May 20, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Echinocystic acid induces the apoptosis, and inhibits the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells
AbstractAn increasing amount of evidence has demonstrated the anticancer activity of triterpenes extracted from traditional medicines. Echinocystic acid (EA), a natural triterpene isolated fromEclipta prostrata (L.) L., has previously been shown to exhibit anticancer activity in HepG2 and HL-60 cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer activity of EA in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. For this purpose, the viability and proliferation of A549 cells were determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2 ′-deoxyuridine staining. The migratory and invasive ability of the A549 cells ...
Source: Medical Oncology - May 19, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The use of pentoxifylline might enhance the effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy in reducing tumor growth
(Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - May 19, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Biology of breast cancer brain metastases and novel therapies targeting the blood brain barrier: an updated review
AbstractBrain metastasis (BM) is a critical cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with breast cancer (BC). Compared with other cancer cells, BC cells (BCs) exhibit special features in the metastatic process. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear, especially the crosstalk between tumour cells and the microenvironment. To date, novel therapies for BM, including targeted therapy and antibody ‒drug conjugates, have been developed. Due to an improved understanding of the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) and blood–tumour barrier (BTB), the development and testing of therapeutic agents in clinical phases have...
Source: Medical Oncology - May 18, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Elacestrant: a new FDA-approved SERD for the treatment of breast cancer
AbstractElacestrant (RAD-1901), a selective estrogen receptor degrader, was approved by USFDA on January 27, 2023, for the treatment of breast cancer. It has been developed by Menarini Group under the brand name Orserdu ®. Elacestrant showed anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo in ER+ HER2-positive breast cancer models. The present review delebrates the development stages of Elacestrant, with its medicinal chemistry, synthesis, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetic studies. Clinical data and safety p rofile has also been discussed, including data from randomized trials. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - May 16, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Istradefylline induces A2A/P2X7 crosstalk expression inducing pro-inflammatory signal, and reduces AKT/mTOR signaling in melanoma-bearing mice
AbstractATP and adenosine (ADO) are critical players in the context of cancer. In the tumor microenvironment, the signaling dependent on these molecules, and immune cells, is regulated by an enzymatic chain and purinergic receptors called purinome. Primarily, the A2A receptor (A2AR) has a pro-tumor action since it reduces the immune response and favors the growth of malignant melanoma. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the effects of A2AR antagonism with Istradefylline (IST) on the purinergic signaling profile of the melanoma tumor and immunological compartments. We observed reduced tumor growth of melanoma in IST-trea...
Source: Medical Oncology - May 15, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Apelin receptor antagonist boosts dendritic cell vaccine efficacy in controlling angiogenic, metastatic and apoptotic-related factors in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice
This study aimed to investigate the effects of APJ antagonist ML221 in combination with a DC vaccine on angiogenic, metastatic and apoptotic-related factors in a breast cancer (BC) model. Four groups of female BALB/c mice with 4T1-induced BC were treated with PBS, APJ antagonist ML221, DC vaccine, and “ML221 + DC vaccine”. After completion of the treatment, the mice were sacrificed and the serum levels of IL-9 and IL-35 as well as the mRNA expression of angiogenesis (including VEGF, FGF-2, and TGF-β), metastasis (including MMP-2, MMP-9, CXCR4) and apoptosis-related markers (Bcl-2, Bax, C aspase-3) in tumor tissues...
Source: Medical Oncology - May 15, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and radiological picture of the tumor
AbstractTumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex entity that includes besides the tumor cells also a whole range of immune cells. Among various populations of immune cells infiltrating the tumor, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a population of lymphocytes characterized by high reactivity against the tumor component. As, TILs play a key role in mediating responses to several types of therapy and significantly improve patient outcomes in some cancer types including for instance breast cancer and lung cancer, their assessment has become a good predictive tool in the evaluation of potential treatment efficacy. Curre...
Source: Medical Oncology - May 13, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer stem cells
AbstractBreast cancer, one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, is a heterogeneous disease with high rates of recurrence and metastasis that contribute to its high mortality rate. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small but significant subset of heterogeneous breast cancer cells that possess stem cell characteristics such as self-renewal and differentiation abilities that may drive metastasis and recurrence. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides in length and do not possess protein-coding properties. An increasing number of studies have shown that some lnc...
Source: Medical Oncology - May 13, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Arginine deiminase produced by lactic acid bacteria as a potent anti-cancer drug
AbstractBacterial-based cancer immunotherapy has recently gained widespread attention due to its exceptional mechanism of rich pathogen-associated molecular patterns in anti-cancer immune responses. Contrary to conventional cancer therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and phototherapy, bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy has the unique ability to suppress cancer by selectively accumulating and growing in tumours. In the view of this, several bacterial strains are being used for the treatment of cancer. Of which, lactic acid bacteria are a powerful, albeit still inadequately understood bacteria that possess a...
Source: Medical Oncology - May 12, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Oncogenic metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer: focus on signaling pathways and mitochondrial genes
AbstractOncogenic metabolic reprogramming impacts the abundance of key metabolites that regulate signaling and epigenetics. Metabolic vulnerability in the cancer cell is evident from the Warburg effect. The research on metabolism in the progression and survival of breast cancer (BC) is under focus. Oncogenic signal activation and loss of tumor suppressor are important regulators of tumor cell metabolism. Several intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to metabolic reprogramming. The molecular mechanisms underpinning metabolic reprogramming in BC are extensive and only partially defined. Various signaling pathways invo...
Source: Medical Oncology - May 11, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Heat shock factor 1 is a promising therapeutic target against adult T-cell leukemia
AbstractPatients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), which is caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), show poor prognosis because of drug resistance. Heat shock protein (HSP) 90 is reportedly essential for ATL cell survival as it regulates important signaling pathways, thereby making HSP90 inhibitors new therapeutic candidates for ATL. However, HSP90 inhibition increases the expression of other HSPs, suggesting that HSPs may contribute to drug resistance. The heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) transcription factor is the primary regulator of the expression of HSPs. Furthermore, targeting HSF1 disrupts the HSP90 chaper...
Source: Medical Oncology - May 10, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research