Revolutionizing cancer treatment: a comprehensive review of CAR-T cell therapy
AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a promising new treatment for cancer that involves genetically modifying a patient ’s T-cells to recognize and attack cancer cells. This review provides an overview of the latest discoveries and clinical trials related to CAR-T cell therapy, as well as the concept and applications of the therapy. The review also discusses the limitations and potential side effects of CAR-T cell therapy, including the high cost and the risk of cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. While CAR-T cell therapy has shown promising results in the treatment of hematologic malignanci...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 22, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
METTL3 regulatory TROAP can regulate the progression of non-small cell lung cancer through PI3K/AKT and EMT signaling pathway
AbstractTROAP, interacts with trophinin and bystin, polys a key role in embryo implantation. TROAP is required for spindle assembly and centrosome integrity during the mitosis. TROAP has been described to promote tumorigenesis in a diverse range of cancer. We performed this study to assess the biological and clinical significance of TROAP in Non-small cell lung cancer. Forty-eight pairs of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and paraneoplastic tissues were collected. RT-qPCR, western bolt and immunohistochemistry assay was used to test TROAP RNA and protein expression not in LUAD tissues and paraneoplastic tissues but in LU...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 22, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The potential of monoclonal antibodies for colorectal cancer therapy
AbstractConventional chemotherapy has significant limitations for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, especially those who have developed metastatic recurrence CRC. A growing number of studies have investigated the potential use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for CRC therapy. mAbs showing clinical benefits for CRC, making the treatment more selective with lower side effects without significant immunogenicity. In addition, recent advancements in antibody engineering strategies and the development of bifunctional or even trifunctional drugs have helped to overcome heterogeneity as the main challenge in cancer treatment. The ...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 21, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Hypoxia-induced PPFIA4 accelerates the progression of ovarian cancer through glucose metabolic reprogramming
AbstractDysregulated glycolysis promotes growth and metastasis, which is one of the metabolic characteristics of ovarian cancer. Based on bioinformatics analysis, liprin-alpha-4 (PPFIA4) is a gene associated with hypoxia, and we aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of PPFIA4 during the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in ovarian cancer cells. Currently, the cell viability of ovarian cancer cells under the hypoxia treatment was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, and cell migration and invasion were measured by transwell assay and western blot. The effects of hypoxia treatment on glucose uptake, lactate production, extrace...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 18, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The Schiff base hydrazine copper(II) complexes induce apoptosis by P53 overexpression and prevent cell migration through protease-independent pathways
This study confirmed that adding several metal cores and co-ligands increased the activity of the complex. It also appeared that Cu-containing complexes could prevent the migration of cancer cells through protease-independent pathways, which can be used for novel therapeutic purposes. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - August 18, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Integrative analysis of GWAS and transcriptomics data reveal key genes for non-small lung cancer
AbstractLung cancer is one of the world ’s most common and deadly cancers. The two main types of lung cancer are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). More than 85% of lung cancers are NSCLC. Genetic factors play a significant role in the risk of NSCLC. Growing studies focus on studying risk factors at th e molecular level. The aim of the study is to build a pipeline to integrate Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and transcriptomics data with machine learning to effectively identify genetic risk factors of NSCLC. GWAS datasets and GWAS summary data were downloaded from GWAS catalog, ...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 17, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Mechanism of anticancer effect of gambogic acid on gastric signet ring cell carcinoma
This study aims to investigate the antiproliferative activity of Gambogic acid on SNU-16 cells derived from gastric signet ring cell carcinoma and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The cytotoxic effect of gambogic acid was evaluated in SNU-16 cells by treating them with different concentrations of the compound, and the XTT cell viability assay was employed to assess cell viability. ELISA was used to measure bax, BCL-2, caspase 3, PARP, and 8-oxo-dG levels. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining was applied to assess 8-oxo-dG and LC3 β levels in SNU-16 cells. It was observed that gambogic acid exerted a dose-dependen...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 16, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Claudin-3 facilitates the progression and mediates the tumorigenic effects of TGF- β in glioblastoma multiforme
In this study, we used qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining assays to investigate the expression levels of various proteins. To explore the proliferation abilities of GBM cells, we conducted the CCK-8 and EdU-DNA formation assays. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to investigate the capacities of invasion and migration of GBM cells. Additionally, we constructed an intracranial xenograft model of GBM to study the invivo role of CLDN3. Our study devoted to investigate the function of CLDN3 in the pathogenesis and progression of GBM. Our study revealed that CLDN3 was upre...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 14, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
CRISPR screen identifies GATAD1 as a synthetic lethal target with CDK4/6 inhibitors in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
AbstractEstrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer represents approximately two-thirds of all breast cancers and has a sustained risk of late disease recurrence. Combining cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors with anti-estrogen therapies significantly improves ER+ advanced breast cancer clinical outcomes. Despite promising clinical outcomes, intrinsic or acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors has limited their success. We used CRISPR to screen MCF-7 cells to explore the targets whose inhibition is synthetic lethal with CDK4/6 inhibitors in ER+ breast cancer cells. We found that GATA zinc finger domain cont...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 11, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
6-Methoxydihydrosanguinarine exhibits cytotoxicity and sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through ROS-mediated upregulation of DR5
Abstract6-methoxydihydrosanguinarine (6-MS), a natural benzophenanthridine alkaloid extracted fromMacleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br, has shown to trigger apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. However, the exact mechanisms involved have not yet been clarified. The current study reveals the underlying mechanisms of 6-MS-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and investigates whether 6-MS sensitizes TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. 6-MS was shown to suppress cell proliferation and trigger cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis in HCC cells. Mechanisms analysis indicate...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 11, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Liquid biopsy in ovarian cancer: advantages and limitations for prognosis and diagnosis
This study reviewed the evidence demonstrating the utility of liquid biopsy components in OC prognosis and diagnosis, and evaluated the current advantages and limitations of these methods. Additionally, the existing obstacles and crucial topics for future studies utilizing liquid biopsy in OC patients were discussed. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - August 10, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Concomitant effects of paclitaxel and celecoxib on genes involved in apoptosis of triple-negative metastatic breast cancer cells
This study investigated the effects of combination treatment with paclitaxel and celecoxib on the expression of genes involved in the apoptosis of triple-negative metastatic breast cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured and then treated with certain concentrations of celecoxib (CLX), paclitaxel (PTX), and combination of them for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT method. The real-time PCR method was utilized to assess the expression level of the genes involved in apoptosis. Western blotting was used for evaluating protein expression. IC50 values for CLX and PTX were 73.95 μM and 3.15 μM, respective...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 7, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
EGCG attenuate EGF triggered matrix abundance and migration in HPV positive and HPV negative cervical cancer cells
AbstractOur previous laboratory findings suggested the beneficial effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against cervical cancer (CC) cells survival. The present study is aimed at identifying the effects of EGCG in preventing the actions of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in human papilloma virus (HPV) 68 positive ME180 and HPV negative C33A CC cells. An elevated level of EGF in tumor micro-environment (TME) is linked to the metastasis of several cancers including CC. We hypothesized that EGCG has the ability to block the actions of EGF. To test this, survival assay was performed in cells treated with or without EGF and ...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 7, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Artichoke as a melanoma growth inhibitor
This study was designed to investigate if artichoke extract (AE) has any direct effect on the growth of melanoma. Clonogenic survival assay, cell proliferation, and caspase-3 activity kits were used to evaluate the effects AE has on cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis of the widely studied melanoma cell line HTB-72. We further investigated the possible molecular mechanisms using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The percentage of colonies of HTB-72 melanoma cells decreased significantly after treated with AE. This was paralleled with the decrease in the optic density (OD) value of cancer cells after treatmen...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 7, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Cancer chemoresistance and its mechanisms: Associated molecular factors and its regulatory role
AbstractCancer therapy has advanced from tradition chemotherapy methods to targeted therapy, novel drug delivery mechanisms, combination therapies etc. Although several novel chemotherapy strategies have been introduced, chemoresistance still remains as one of the major barriers in cancer treatments. Chemoresistance can lead to relapse and hinder the development of improved clinical results for cancer patients, and this continues to be the major hurdle in cancer therapy. Anticancer drugs acquire chemoresistance through different mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial to overcome and increase the efficie...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 7, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
