Artichoke as a melanoma growth inhibitor
This study was designed to investigate if artichoke extract (AE) has any direct effect on the growth of melanoma. Clonogenic survival assay, cell proliferation, and caspase-3 activity kits were used to evaluate the effects AE has on cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis of the widely studied melanoma cell line HTB-72. We further investigated the possible molecular mechanisms using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The percentage of colonies of HTB-72 melanoma cells decreased significantly after treated with AE. This was paralleled with the decrease in the optic density (OD) value of cancer cells after treatmen...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 7, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Cancer chemoresistance and its mechanisms: Associated molecular factors and its regulatory role
AbstractCancer therapy has advanced from tradition chemotherapy methods to targeted therapy, novel drug delivery mechanisms, combination therapies etc. Although several novel chemotherapy strategies have been introduced, chemoresistance still remains as one of the major barriers in cancer treatments. Chemoresistance can lead to relapse and hinder the development of improved clinical results for cancer patients, and this continues to be the major hurdle in cancer therapy. Anticancer drugs acquire chemoresistance through different mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial to overcome and increase the efficie...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 7, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The anticancer effects of thymol on HepG2 cell line
AbstractThere is an increasing incidence of liver cancer, which is a hazard for global health. The present study was designed to evaluate possible cytotoxic, genotoxic, apoptotic, oxidant and antioxidant effects of thymol on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. The cytotoxic effect of thymol on HepG2 cell line was determined by XTT test. We also used the HUVEC cell line to show whether thymol damages healthy cells. Oxidative stress level was determined with Total Oxidant Status (TOS) and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) measurement kits. Apoptosis of cells was detected in flow cytometry with Annexin V apoptosis kit. A...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 5, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
HOTAIR in colorectal cancer: structure, function, and therapeutic potential
This article discusses HOTAIR’s structure, functions, and mechanisms in CRC and its potential as a target for therapy. The author also suggests future research directions to better understand HOTAIR's role in CRC progression and dr ug resistance. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - August 2, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Advances in the molecular mechanism and targeted therapy of radioactive-iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer
AbstractMost patients with differentiated thyroid cancer have a good prognosis after radioactive iodine-131 treatment, but there are still a small number of patients who are not sensitive to radioiodine treatment and may subsequently show disease progression. Therefore, radioactive-iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer treated with radioiodine usually shows reduced radio iodine uptake. Thus, when sodium iodine symporter expression, basolateral membrane localization and recycling degradation are abnormal, radioactive-iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer may occur. In recent years, with the deepening o...
Source: Medical Oncology - July 31, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
LHPP suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer by inhibiting EGFR signaling pathway
In this study, LHPP expression was found to be downregulated in both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic cancer (PC). Here, we found that LHPP could bind to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and inhibit its phosphorylation, which thereby inhibited the activation of EGFR downstream pathways ERK, AKT, and STAT3, and then weakening the ability to proliferate, invade, and migrate in HCC and PC. This paper showed a new physiological function of LHPP in inhibiting phosphorylation of EGFR and its potential anti-tumor mechanism and indicated that LHPP was a potential therapeutic target for HCC and PC. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - July 31, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Advanced nano-therapeutic delivery of metformin: potential anti-cancer effect against human colon cancer cells through inhibition of GPR75 expression
AbstractThe high incidence rate coupled with significant mortality makes colorectal cancer one of the most prevalent and devastating cancers worldwide. Research is currently underway to explore new forms of treatment that could potentially maximize treatment outcomes while minimizing the side effects associated with conventional chemotherapy. Metformin, a natural biguanide drug, has anti-cancer properties that can inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. However, due to its short half-life and low bioavailability, the efficacy of Metf as an anti-cancer agent is limited. The purpose of this research is to asses...
Source: Medical Oncology - July 29, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Anti-HSP70 alleviates cell migration and proliferation in colorectal cancer cells (CRC) by targeting CXCR4 (in vitro study)
AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer in men and women, accounts for 8% of new cancer cases in the US and 8 to 9% of the nation ’s anticipated cancer mortality in 2014. In the pathophysiology of colon cancer, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and CXCR4 are essential. In this research, we concentrated on the connection between CXCR4 expression and HSP70 inhibitor activity in the development of colorectal cancer. The HSP70 inhib itor’s effect on cell proliferation was also evaluated. Samples were obtained from patients with CRC; the surrounding marginal tissues were considered healthy. The One CRC cel...
Source: Medical Oncology - July 29, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Exosomal non-coding RNAs-mediated EGFR-TKIs resistance in NSCLC with EGFR mutation
AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The advent of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has significantly improved survival rates of patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, as with other antitumor drugs, resistance to EGFR-TKIs is inevitably develops over time. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a 30 –150 nm diameter, have emerged as vital mediators of intercellular communication. Recent studies revealed that exosomes carry non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and long ...
Source: Medical Oncology - July 28, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
CD4 T cells in chronic myeloid leukemia present MHC class II-dependent and IFN- γ-dependent cytotoxic capacity
This study analyzed the characteristics of CD4 T cell mediated cytotoxicity in CML patients and healthy people. The cytotoxicity of CD4 T cells was tested in using two CML cell lines, including the MHC class II-deficient K562 cells and the MHC class II-expressing KU812 cells. CD4 T cell-mediated lysis was minimal in K562 cells but was much higher in KU812 cells. In CML patients, the level of CD4 T cell-mediated lysis was limited to a certain level. Interestingly, pre-treating KU812 cells with IFN- γ could significantly elevate the expression of MHC class II and elevate the level of CD4 T cell-mediated lysis. Overall, thes...
Source: Medical Oncology - July 27, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Current neoadjuvant therapy for operable locally advanced esophageal cancer
AbstractLocally advanced esophageal cancer has a poor prognosis, while an increasing number of patients are diagnosed with that. Neoadjuvant therapy has become a hot topic in treating locally advanced esophageal cancer to improve its survival benefit. The efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery has been confirmed by many studies, and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy are included in the guidelines. In recent years, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have emerged, and more studies are evaluating the efficacy of combining them with neoadjuvant therapy for operable esophageal cancer patien...
Source: Medical Oncology - July 27, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Analysis of the safety and effectiveness of TACE combined with targeted immunotherapy in the treatment of intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
AbstractTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with immune and targeted therapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Prospective analysis of 23 patients with intermediate or advanced primary HCC treated at the Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China from July 2019, including 11 cases treated with TACE alone and 12 cases treated with TACE combined with targeted therapy. The basal indexes of patients in the two groups were compared, and the response during treatment was observed; regular f...
Source: Medical Oncology - July 27, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Small molecule heat shock protein 27 inhibitor J2 decreases ovarian cancer cell proliferation via induction of apoptotic pathways
AbstractHeat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is an important member of the chaperone protein family and its overexpression promotes cancer cell survival. Here, we investigated the apoptosis inducer role of the J2 compound (Hsp27 inhibitor) in human ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and OVCAR-3). Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The parameters of J2-Hsp27 interaction were determined with molecular docking calculation. The inhibitory effect of the J2 compound on Hsp27 chaperone activity was investigated by luciferase activity assay. Finally, the apoptotic inducer role of the J2 compound on SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 cells was de...
Source: Medical Oncology - July 26, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
SETD2 controls m6A modification of transcriptome and regulates the molecular oncogenesis of glioma
AbstractSETD2 is known for its epigenetic regulatory function and a frequently mutated gene in multiple cancers. Recently, it has been inferred that SETD2 regulates m6A mRNA methylation (epitranscriptome) via H3K36me3. The m6A RNA methylation is vital for tumor maintenance, self-renewal, and tumorigenesis. RNA modifications are executed by writers, readers, and erasers. m6A modifiers work along with the molecular cues, H3K36me3, laid down by SETD2. A positive correlation observed between SETD2 and RNA modifiers signifies their direct role in epitranscriptomics. Hence, understanding the epitranscriptomics will provide a new...
Source: Medical Oncology - July 25, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The mechanistic insights of the antioxidant Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in oncogenesis: a deadly scenario
This article delves into the intricacies of Nrf2 pathway anomalies in cancer, the potential ramifications of uncontrolled Nrf2 activity, and therapeutic interventions to modulate the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - July 22, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
