Implications of single-cell immune landscape of tumor microenvironment for the colorectal cancer diagnostics and therapy
AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) originates from the polyps lining the colon and is among the most common types of cancer. With the increasing popularity of single-cell sequencing technologies, researchers have been able to better understand the immune landscape of colorectal cancer, by analyzing their expression and interactions in detail with the tumor microenvironment (TME) at single-cell level. Since the tumor-immune cell interactions play a critical part in the advancement as well as treatment response in colorectal cancer, the release of inhibitory factors such as T cells are important for recognizing and destroying c...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 11, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Talazoparib enhances the quinacrine-mediated apoptosis in patient-derived oral mucosa CSCs by inhibiting BER pathway through the modulation of GCN5 and P300
AbstractThe presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is majorly responsible for the development and recurrence of cancer. Earlier reports suggested that upon DNA damage, poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) helps in chromatin modulation and DNA repair process, thereby promoting CSC survival. But whether a combination of DNA damaging agents along with PARP inhibitors can modulate chromatin assembly, inhibit DNA repair processes, and subsequently target CSCs is not known. Hence, we have investigated the effect of nontoxic bioactive compound quinacrine (QC) and a potent PARP inhibitor Talazo...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 8, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Comparison of gene mutation profile in different lung adenocarcinoma subtypes by targeted next-generation sequencing
ConclusionsThis study revealed the heterogeneity of gene mutations and significantly altered pathways between different lung cancer subtypes, suggesting the potential mechanism of different prognosis. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - November 8, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
ATGL promotes colorectal cancer growth by regulating autophagy process and SIRT1 expression
AbstractCRC is a common malignant tumor in the gastrointestinal tract, and its incidence has increased significantly in recent years. Several studies revealed that lipid metabolism reprogramming contributed to tumorigenicity and malignancy by interfering with energy production, membrane formation, and signal transduction in cancers. ATGL is a kind of hydroxy fatty acid ester of fatty acid synthase, and its role in tumor remains controversial. We compared levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in human CRC specimens to adjacent specimens. To validate the effect of ATGL on the proliferation ability of CRC, CCK8 assay a...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 8, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
TCOF1 promotes the colorectal cancer progression by stabilizing β-catenin
AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the highest mortality rates worldwide, and various studies reported to the occurrence of CRC. In particular, the Wnt/ β-catenin pathway is known to be a major factor in the progression of CRC and β-catenin involved in the expression of its downstream target genes. We searched for TCOF1 through sliver staining to identify a new binding partner for β-catenin and to investigate the role of the gene involved in CRC. Treacle Ribosome Biogenesis Factor 1 (TCOF1) is a nucleolar protein that regulates the transcription of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). There are many reports of genetic studies o...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 7, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Recent advancement of nanomedicine-based targeted delivery for cervical cancer treatment
AbstractCervical cancer is a huge worldwide health burden, impacting women in impoverished nations in particular. Traditional therapeutic approaches, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, frequently result in systemic toxicity and ineffectiveness. Nanomedicine has emerged as a viable strategy for targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs to cancer cells while decreasing off-target effects and increasing treatment success in recent years. Nanomedicine for cervical cancer introduces several novel aspects that distinguish it from previous treatment options such as tailored delivery system, precision targeting, co...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 6, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Consideration of Asian ethnic groups and immigration status in cancer disparities research
(Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - November 6, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Prospects of microRNAs as therapeutic biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer
AbstractLung Cancer, the second most common cancer worldwide, remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, contemporarily. More than 85% of identified lung cancer cases are comprised of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Despite the best advancements in the realm of NSCLC therapy, the five-year survival period of NSCLC patients remains unchanged. Underlying complex molecular heterogeneity, delay in early detection resulting in progression of the disease to its advanced stage and acquired resistance of NSCLC cells during therapy have posed additional challenges for circumventing the discrepancies in treatment str...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 3, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Glucosinolates in cancer prevention and treatment: experimental and clinical evidence
AbstractGlucosinolates are naturally occurring β-d-thioglucosides that mainly exist in the Brassicaceae family. The enzyme myrosinase hydrolyzes glucosinolates to form isothiocyanates, which are chemical protectors. Phenethyl isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, and benzyl isothiocyanate are potential isothiocyanate with efficient anti-cancer effects as a protective or treatment agent. Glucosinolate metabolites exert the cancer-preventive activity through different mechanisms, including induction of the Nrf2 transcription factor, inhibition of expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), induction...
Source: Medical Oncology - November 3, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
A holistic approach to prostate cancer treatment: natural products as enhancers to a medically minded approach
AbstractProstate cancer (PC) has historically been the most diagnosed cancer in men. Though treatment for prostate cancer is often effective, it is also often very taxing on the body and commonly has negative quality of life implications. One such example is androgen suppression therapy (AST), which has severe side effects that can be mitigated through physical activity. Natural agents and protocols are increasingly studied for their merit against cancer and for their potential to treat cancer in ways that preserve the quality of life. Many agents and lifestyle choices have been shown to have success against prostate cance...
Source: Medical Oncology - October 31, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Cancer stemness kinase inhibitor amcasertib: a promising therapeutic agent in ovarian cancer stem and cancer cell models with different genetic profiles
This study aimed to evaluate the antineoplastic effects of Nanog inhibition, a critical transcription factor associated with pluripotency and its role in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis, using the novel therapeutic agent Amcase rtib in ovarian cancer cells characterized by distinct genetic profiles. The cytotoxicity of Amcasertib was assessed in both ovarian cancer and cancer stem cell models utilizing the Xelligence-RTCA system. The impact of the determined IC50 dose on apoptosis, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchym al transition (EMT), cell cycle progression, colony formation, and spheroid growth was evaluated using a...
Source: Medical Oncology - October 27, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Mechanism of anticancer effect of ETP-45658, a PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor on HT-29 Cells
This study aims to investigate the antiproliferative activity of ETP-45658, a PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor, on colon cancer and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. HT-29 colon cancer cells were treated with varying doses of ETP 45658 and its cytotoxic effect assessed using the XTT cell viability assay.ELISA was also used to measure TAS, TOS, Bax, BCL-2, cleaved caspase 3, cleaved PARP, and 8-oxo-dG levels. Flow cytometry was performed to investigate apoptosis, cell cycle, caspase 3/7 activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, following the administration of DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) dye, th...
Source: Medical Oncology - October 27, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Hepatocellular carcinoma: tumor heterogeneity and recurrence after preoperative locoregional therapy
AbstractHow locoregional therapy (LRT) may change tumor compositional and functional heterogeneity, consequently contributing to treatment resistance and tumor recurrence remains largely unknown. A series of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) treated with preoperative locoregional therapy (LRT) that relapsed after surgery was studied. Thirty HCCs comprising 15 patients treated with LRT prior to liver transplantation (n = 14)/surgical resection (n = 1) were studied. Five patients undergoing pre-transplant LRT, comprising 11 HCCs, presented tumor recurrence (median recurrence time = 10 months). Clinicopathological...
Source: Medical Oncology - October 26, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
VEGF/Nrp1/HIF-1 α promotes proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma through a positive feedback loop
AbstractTo investigate the role of neuropilin1 (Nrp1) in glucose metabolism and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and to analyze its mechanism of action. The CRISPR gene knockout technique was used to knock out the Nrp1 gene in two HCC cell lines. The effect of Nrp1 on the proliferation of HCC cells was assessed in the CCK8 assay and plate cloning assay. The expression levels of glucose consumption, lactate production, and essential proteins of the glycolytic pathway were detected to explore the effect of Nrp1 on glucose metabolism in HCC cells. Using CoCl2 to revert the expression of hypoxia inducible ...
Source: Medical Oncology - October 25, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The roles of P-selectin in cancer cachexia
AbstractP-selectin, a cell adhesion molecule of the selectin family, is expressed on the surface of activated endothelial cells (ECs) and platelets. Binding ofP-selectin toP-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) supports the leukocytes capture and rolling on stimulated ECs and increases the aggregation of leukocytes and activated platelets. Cancer cachexia is a systemic inflammation disorder characterized by metabolic disturbances, reduced body weight, loss of appetite, fat depletion, and progressive muscle atrophy. Cachexia status is associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-a...
Source: Medical Oncology - October 23, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
