Direct observation of epoxy resin blocks for renal biopsy by low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy
AbstractTo improve the resolution of low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM), the epoxy resin block for the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was observed directly with LVSEM. After observing ultrathin sections from renal biopsies of IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, lupus nephritis, diabetic nephropathy (DM), thin basement membrane disease (TBMD), Alport ’s syndrome, Fabry’s disease, and renal amyloidosis, the epoxy resin blocks of the same sites were observed by LVSEM and compared. The LVSEM image of the epoxy resin block corresponds to the negative of the TEM image, and when the gradation is reve...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - May 10, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
A case of coexistent poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma (glassy cell carcinoma), usual-type adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the cervix
AbstractPoorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma (glassy cell carcinoma) of the cervix is extremely rare, accounting for 1 –2% of all cervical cancers. Herein, we report a case with coexistent poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma (glassy cell carcinoma), “usual-type” adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the cervix. A female patient in her 60 s was referred to our hospital and diagnosed with poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma based on cervical cytology and biopsy. The tumor was classified as clinical stage IB1 cervical cancer following magnetic resonance imaging; radical hys...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - May 2, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
S100A8 and S100A9 are associated with endometrial shedding during menstruation
This study focused on four proteins: S100A8 and S100A9 (alarmins) are binding partners and induce MMPs, MMP-3 cycle-dependently plays a key role in the proteolytic cascade, and CD147, which has S100A9 as its ligand, induces MMPs. Immunostaining for these proteins was performed on 118 resected specimens. The percentage and location of each positive reaction in ESCs were measured and compared using Image J. The influence of leukocytes on S100A8 or S100A9 immunopositivity was also examined. From the premenstrual phase, S100A8 and MMP-3 began to have overlapping expressions in ESCs of the superficial layer, and ESC detachment ...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - April 22, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Elevated expression of endocan in the development of cervical squamous neoplasia of the uterus
This study is the first study showing increased expression of endocan in precancerous dysplastic lesions and malignancy of the cervix. The data suggest that a high expression level of endocan potentially contributes to the development of cervical squamous neoplasia of the uterus. (Source: Medical Molecular Morphology)
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - April 19, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
FGF4 and FGF9 have synergistic effects on odontoblast differentiation
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) and FGF9 are active in dentin differentiation. Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1) -2A-Cre transgenic mice, which express the Cre-recombinase in Dmp1-expressing cells, were crossed with CAG-tdTomato mice as reporter mouse. The cell proliferation and tdTomato expressions were observed. The mesenchymal cell separated from neonatal molar tooth germ were cultured with or without FGF4, FGF9, and with or without their inhibitors ferulic acid and infigratinib (BGJ398) for 21 days. Their phenotypes were evaluated by cell count, flow cytomet...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - April 3, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Altered microbiota caused by disordered gut motility leads to an overactivation of intestinal immune system in APC1638T mice
AbstractAdenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is recognized as an antioncogene related to familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancers. However, APC is a large protein with multiple binding partners, indicating APC has diverse roles besides as a tumor suppressor. We have ever studied the roles of APC by usingAPC1638T/1638T (APC1638T) mice. Through those studies, we have noticed stools of APC1638T mice were smaller than those ofAPC+/+ mice and hypothesized there be a disturbance in fecal formation processes in APC1638T mice. The gut motility was morphologically analyzed by immunohistochemical staining of the Auerbach ...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - March 30, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
An extremely rare case of nonfunctioning parathyroid carcinoma occurring in a parathyroid adenoma
Abstract
A 53-year-old woman with a 4-month history of fatigue and somnolence was referred to her local doctor because of the worsening of her symptoms. Marked increases in her serum calcium (13.0 mg/dl) and intact-parathyroid hormone (175 pg/ml) were found, she was referred to our hospital. On physical examination, there was a palpable 3 cm mass in her right neck. Ultrasonography showed a 1.9 × 3.6 cm circumscribed hypoechoic lesion in the caudal right lobe of the thyroid gland. There was very mild 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphic accumulation. Her preoperative diagnosis was primary hyperparathyroidism due ...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - March 13, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with candidiasis: usefulness of molecular and ultrastructural morphological analysis on FFPE tissue for invasive fungal infections
In this study, in addition to the routine pathological examination, we further examined formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and partial genomic DNA sequencing. Although optical microscopy alone was insufficient to identify the pathogenic organisms, SEM clearly depicted the characteristic morphology ofAspergillus sp. andCandida sp. as closely overlapping in a nested fashion, providing evidence of mixed infection of both fungal species in a focal site. The technique using FFPE tissue in combination with ultrastructural observation by SEM, elemental analysis by SEM –EDX, and...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - February 20, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Vitamin D metabolism in cancer: potential feasibility of vitamin D metabolism blocking therapy
AbstractIn this review, we discuss the possibility of the vitamin D metabolizing enzymeCYP24A1 being a therapeutic target for various tumors including breast, colorectal and prostate tumors. Given the pleiotropic cellular activity of vitamin D, its deficiency impairs its physiological function in target cells and results in various pathologies including cancer. In addition, accumulated data have shown that elevated expression of CYP24A1 promotes carcinogenesis in various cancer subtypes by decreasing the bioavailability of vitamin D metabolites. Thus, we propose the potential feasibility of vitamin D metabolism-blocking th...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - February 7, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of CBP/ β-catenin inhibitor for hepatocytes: small molecular inhibitor, OP-724 possibly improves liver function
In conclusion, C-82 inhibits hepatocyte-mediated proinflammation and fibrogenesis. It also direc tly activates the mitochondrial function, thus improving liver dysfunction. (Source: Medical Molecular Morphology)
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - January 16, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Regaining enamel color quality using enamel matrix derivative
This study aimed to demonstrate and compare the accuracy of tooth shade selection due to the remineralized enamel crystal with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in vitro. Etched enamel slices were immersed in four types of mineralization buffers for 16 h. Sodium fluoride (NaF) was added to final concentrations of 1–100 ppm with the mineralization buffer that demonstrated the highest mineralization efficiency. EMD was added to the mineralization buffer containing NaF to see if it has any remineralization capacities. The remineralized enamel cr ystal was analyzed by SEM and XRD. The tooth shade was evaluated by CIEL*a*b*. ...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - January 9, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Gemcitabine alters sialic acid binding of the glycocalyx and induces inflammatory cytokine production in cultured endothelial cells
AbstractGemcitabine (GEM) is an anticancer drug inhibiting DNA synthesis. Glomerular thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) has been reported as an adverse effect. However, the precise mechanism of GEM-induced endothelial injury remains unknown. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the confluent phase were exposed to GEM (5 –100 μM) for 48 h and evaluated cell viability and morphology, lectin binding concerning sialic acid of endothelial glycocalyx (GCX), and immunofluorescent staining of platelet–endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). ...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - January 9, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
A novel pathologic marker, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, for the cholangiopathy of immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced immune mediated hepatotoxicity as adverse events and the prediction of additional ursodeoxycholic acid treatment
In conclusion, the presence of IDO-1-positive cells is found in bile ducts in hepatitic type as well as sclerosing cholangitis of ICI-induced IMH. IDO-1 is surely a valuable pathologic marker for diagnosing ICI-induced IMH and also for predicting an additional need of UDCA in clinical practice. (Source: Medical Molecular Morphology)
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - January 4, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Retinoic acid metabolism in cancer: potential feasibility of retinoic acid metabolism blocking therapy
AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) is an active metabolite of vitamin A, which is an essential signaling molecule involved in cell fate decisions, such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, in a wide variety of cell types. Accumulated data have demonstrated that expression of RA-metabolizing enzymes, CYP26A1, B1, and C1 (cytochrome P450, family 26A1, B1, and C1, respectively), protects cells and tissues from exposure to RA through restriction of RA access to transcriptional machinery by converting RA to rapidly excreted derivatives. CYP26 enzymes play similar but separate roles in limiting the consequences of fluctuati...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - January 2, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of RANKL: a case of disseminated carcinomatosis of bone marrow as the first presentation of relapse in curatively resected colorectal cancer
In this report, we describe a case of a 69-year-old man who underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection after being diagnosed with stage IIIB CRC. At 10 months post-operation, he developed fever and loss of appetite. Laboratory examination revealed > 120.0 μg/dL fibrin degradation products and > 60.0 μg/dL D-dimer. Bone marrow (BM) examination showed malignant epithelioid infiltrate with CK20 and CDX2 expression, leading to diagnosis of disseminated carcinomatosis of BM, which is rare in CRC and indicative of widespread disease throughout the body. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry rev ealed high ex...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - December 7, 2022 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
