Phosphate toxicity: a stealth biochemical stress factor?
(Source: Medical Molecular Morphology)
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - November 18, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Upregulation of TGF-β1 and basic FGF in elastofibroma: an immunohistochemical analysis
Abstract
Elastofibroma is a rare tumour that occurs in the subscapular space, and it typically presents in middle-aged and older individuals. The aetiology of elastofibroma remains unknown. Recent, sporadic reports have shown, immunohistologically, that fibroblasts in elastofibroma may produce abnormal elastic and collagen fibres through the action of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a factor that promotes fibroblast proliferation. However, that finding lacked quantitative measurements and controls. Therefore, in this study, we performed quantitative, immunohistochemical analyses of TGF-β1 and b...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - November 9, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Involvement of membrane skeletal molecules in the Schmidt–Lanterman incisure in Schwann cells
Abstract
Membrane skeletal networks form a two-dimensional lattice structure beneath erythrocyte membranes. 4.1R-MPP (membrane palmitoylated protein) 1-glycophorin C is one of the basic molecular complexes of the membrane skeleton. An analogous molecular complex, 4.1G–MPP6–cell adhesion molecule 4 (CADM4), is incorporated into the Schmidt–Lanterman incisure (SLI), a truncated cone shape in the myelin internode that is a specific feature of myelinated nerve fibers formed in Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. In this review, the dynamic structure of peripheral nerve fibers under stretchin...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - November 5, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Prominent apical cytoplasmic bleb formation in metanephric adenoma: report of a case
Abstract
In a case of metanephric adenoma of the kidney, many apical cytoplasmic blebs were found on the luminal surface of tumor cells. The tumor, measuring 15 mm in diameter, was found incidentally in the right kidney of a 40-year-old woman. It consisted of a dense proliferation of cuboidal cells forming small tubules of round or irregular shape. The apical portion of the cytoplasm of tumor cells exhibited club-shaped expansion or dome-like protrusion which was largely occupied by numerous free ribosomes. The neck portion of the protruded apical cytoplasm was constricted, and the apical cytoplasm appea...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - October 27, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Delayed brain radiation necrosis: pathological review and new molecular targets for treatment
Abstract
Delayed radiation necrosis is a well-known adverse event following radiotherapy for brain diseases and has been studied since the 1930s. The primary pathogenesis is thought to be the direct damage to endothelial and glial cells, particularly oligodendrocytes, which causes vascular hyalinization and demyelination. This primary pathology leads to tissue inflammation and ischemia, inducing various tissue protective responses including angiogenesis. Macrophages and lymphocytes then infiltrate the surrounding areas of necrosis, releasing inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, and t...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - October 13, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
