Morphological study of efficacy of clarithromycin-loaded nanocarriers for treatment of biofilm infection disease
In this study, we developed a drug delivery system (DDS) using polymeric nanocarriers for the treatment of biofilm infection disease. Clarithromycin (CAM)-encapsulated and chitosan (CS) modified polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using a polyvinyl caprolactam—polyvinyl acetate—polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (Soluplus®) (Sol) and poly-(DL-lactide-co-glycolide), respectively. To understand the availability of the prepared NPs, we made morphological observations of the antibacterial activity derived from the NPs toward the bacterial cells within the biofilm using scanning electron microscopy and transmissio...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - April 26, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
IgG4-producing lymphoma arising in a patient with IgG4-related disease
Abstract
We herein report a case in which an IgG4-producing lymphoma arose in a patient with a previous diagnosis consistent with an IgG4-related disease. A 43-year-old man presented with enlarged cervical lymph nodes and was treated with steroids and radiation for what was initially assumed to be Kimura’s disease, although the lesions were later histologically re-diagnosed as IgG4-related lymphadenopathy. Fourteen years later, when the patient was 58-years-old, he presented with retroperitoneal fibrosis and swollen lymph nodes. The suspicious lesions were not histologically examined as the patient did ...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - April 10, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Inducible lymphoid clusters, iSALTs, in contact dermatitis: a new concept of acquired cutaneous immune responses
Abstract
Antigen presentation to peripheral memory T cells is a key step in the prompt elicitation of acquired immune responses. In the mucosa, specific sentinel lymphoid tissues called mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue serve as antigen presentation sites. Correspondingly, the concept of skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT) has been proposed in the 1980s. However, the details of SALT have not been clarified so far. Recently, the live imaging analysis using two photon microscopes are developed. Here, we have identified inducible lymphoid clusters in the skin, we called it inducible SALTs (iSALTs), using ...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - March 3, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Involvement of membrane skeletal molecules in the Schmidt –Lanterman incisure in Schwann cells
< h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Abstract < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Membrane skeletal networks form a two-dimensional lattice structure beneath erythrocyte membranes. 4.1R-MPP (membrane palmitoylated protein) 1-glycophorin C is one of the basic molecular complexes of the membrane skeleton. An analogous molecular complex, 4.1G –MPP6–cell adhesion molecule 4 (CADM4), is incorporated into the Schmidt–Lanterman incisure (SLI), a truncated cone shape in the myelin internode that is a specific feature of myelinated nerve fibers formed in Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. In this review, the dynamic st...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - February 29, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
The role of Golgi reassembly and stacking protein 65 phosphorylation in H 2 O 2 -induced cell death and Golgi morphological changes
This study aimed to investigate the effects of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on cell viability and survival, as well as changes in the distribution of Golgi apparatus and in the level of Golgi reassembly and stacking protein 65 (GRASP65). Cell viability of cultured N2a cells treated with H2O2 was measured by the MTT assay. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry analyses. Cells labeled by indirect immunofluorescence were observed under confocal microscope to detect any Golgi morphological alterations; electron microscopy of Golgi apparatus was also done. Expression of GRASP65 and phospho-GRASP65 was examined by immunoblot...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - February 29, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Chondroitin sulfate prevents peritoneal fibrosis in mice by suppressing NF-κB activation
We examined the effect of CS on the peritoneal fibrosis induced by chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) in mice. CS or water was administered daily. We divided mice into four groups: administered vehicle and water (control); administered vehicle and CS (CS); administered CG and water (CG); and administered CG and CS (CG+CS). Morphologic changes were assessed by Masson’s trichrome staining. Inflammation- and fibrosis-associated factors were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Activation of NF-κB was examined by southwestern histochemistry. CS administration suppressed the progression of submesothelial thickening. The numbers of in...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - February 15, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Increased expressions of claudin 4 and 7 in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the lung
Abstract
Abnormal expression of claudin (Cldn), the main constituent of tight junctions, may play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. To elucidate these abnormalities of tight junctions in lung adenocarcinoma during carcinogenesis, we examined immunohistochemical expressions of Cldn4 and Cldn7 in human lung resection materials. Lung resection specimens from 86 patients were studied, including 16 atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), 19 adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), 32 invasive adenocarcinoma (ADC), 5 AIS with AAH, 2 ADC with AAH, 10 ADC with AIS, and 2 ADC with AIS and AAH. The immunohistochemical stainin...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - February 12, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Rapid specimen preparation to improve the throughput of electron microscopic volume imaging for three-dimensional analyses of subcellular ultrastructures with serial block-face scanning electron microscopy
In this study, we report a rapid procedure to acquire serial electron microscopic images within 1 day for three-dimensional analyses of subcellular ultrastructures. This procedure is based on serial block-face with two major modifications, including a new sample treatment device and direct polymerization on the rivets, to reduce the time and workload needed. The modified procedure without uranyl acetate can produce tens of embedded samples observable under serial block-face scanning electron microscopy within 1 day. The serial images obtained are similar to the block-face images acquired by common procedures, and are app...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - February 11, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Influence of Ku86 and XRCC4 expression in uterine cervical cancer on the response to preoperative radiotherapy
We examined the relationship between expression of DSB-related proteins in biopsy specimens of uterine cervical cancer and the pathological effect of 40 Gy of preoperative radiotherapy. 119 patients with uterine cervical cancer were treated between 2000 and 2011. Pathological effects of preoperative radiotherapy were classified by examining hysterectomy specimens. Patients with complete response (pCR) had a significantly better overall 5-year survival rate than those without pCR (96.3 vs. 76.9 %, P = 0.02). The pCR rate was significantly higher in patients with low Ku86 and XRCC4 expression than in other patients (47.4...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - February 11, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 is associated with worse chemotherapeutic outcome and a poor prognosis in advanced lung adenocarcinoma
Abstract
Constitutive activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway, that is activated by various stimuli including growth factors and oncogenic driver mutations, is observed in various cancers. However, the difference of the activated levels of the pathway is still unclear in clinical significances. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different ERK1/2 pathway activation, assessed by the expression levels of phosphorylated (p) ERK1/2, on the prognosis of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients. Paraffin-embedded lung biopsy samples were obtained from 85 lung adenoca...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - December 24, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
A lower volume culture method for obtaining a larger yield of neuron-like cells from mesenchymal stem cells
This study investigated the effects of reducing the volume of neural induction medium on cell viability and neural differentiation of MSCs. When MSCs were differentiated in low volumes of neural induction medium, rather than using the conventional method, the cell density on culture dishes significantly increased. The % cell death, including apoptosis and necrosis, was significantly lower in the lower volume method than in the conventional method. There were no significant differences between the lower volume and conventional methods in the expression levels of the neuronal marker genes. In an analysis of immunostaining f...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - December 23, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Mice lacking functional CD95-ligand display reduced proliferation of the intestinal epithelium without gross homeostatic alterations
Abstract
Homeostasis of the continuously self-renewing intestinal tract involves cell proliferation, migration, differentiation along the crypt-villus-axis and shedding of cells into the gut lumen. CD95-ligand (FAS-ligand, CD95L) is a cytokine that is known for its capacity to induce apoptosis by binding its cognate receptor, CD95 (Fas). More recently, it was discovered that CD95L can also induce other cellular responses, such as proliferation, differentiation and cell migration. CD95L is highly expressed in Paneth cells of the small intestine which are in close contact with intestinal stem cells. This su...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - December 23, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Intracellular localization of α-tubulin acetyltransferase ATAT1 in rat ciliated cells
In this study, we analyzed ATAT1 localization in rat trachea, oviduct, kidney, retina, testis and the third ventricle of the brain by immunohistochemical techniques using a specific antibody against ATAT1. ATAT1 was distributed to the motile cilia of multiciliated cells of the trachea, third ventricle of the brain and oviduct, and in the primary cilia of the renal medullary collecting duct. ATAT1 also localized to the primary cilia, inner and outer segments of retinal photoreceptor cells, and at the Golgi apparatus of spermatocytes and spermatids of testis. These results indicated that α-tubulin acetylation by ATAT1 at di...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - December 23, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Anti-BP180-type mucous membrane pemphigoid immunoglobulin G shows heterogeneity of internalization of BP180/collagen XVII into keratinocyte cytoplasm
We reported previously that immunoglobulin G (IgG) from patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) can induce internalization of BP180 via a macropinocytic pathway, which depletes BP180 and weakens epidermal cell–matrix integrity. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the pathomechanism of BP180-MMP. Immunohistochemistry of biopsy specimens from two patients with BP180-MMP revealed that one patient had BP180 internalization, but the other did not. In live-cell imaging using IgG from patients with BP180-MMP on several keratinocyte cell lines, IgG from only three out of the seven patients was associated with BP180 i...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - December 10, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Decoding the molecular mechanisms of neuronal migration using in utero electroporation
Abstract
During the development of the cerebral cortex, excitatory neurons are produced in the ventricular zone lining the lateral ventricle or in the adjacent subventricular zone and migrate toward the brain surface in a process known as radial migration. During radial migration, neurons undergo multiple steps including a multipolar cell phase, a multipolar–bipolar transition, and a locomotion phase. Many genes tightly regulate the cell behavior in each phase. We have established an in utero electroporation method as a rapid in vivo gene transfer system, and this system has greatly contributed to recen...
Source: Medical Molecular Morphology - November 25, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
