Inflammation and Microcalcification: A Never-Ending Vicious Cycle in Atherosclerosis?
Inflammatory cells and cytokines are known for long to worsen the development of atherosclerotic plaques in mice, and intense efforts are today devoted to develop anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies to slow down plaque development. Increasing data indicate that plaque inflammation is intimately associated with microcalcifications, which exert harmful effects eventually culminating with plaque rupture. In this review article, we will first introduce microcalcification location, detection, and effects in atherosclerotic plaques. Then, we will present the numerous data suggesting that inflammatory cells and molecules are...
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - January 17, 2022 Category: Research Source Type: research
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Mechanosensitive Regulators and Vascular Remodeling
Blood vessels are subjected to mechanical loads of pressure and flow, inducing smooth muscle circumferential and endothelial shear stresses. The perception and response of vascular tissue and living cells to these stresses and the microenvironment they are exposed to are critical to their function and survival. These mechanical stimuli not only cause morphological changes in cells and vessel walls but also can interfere with biochemical homeostasis, leading to vascular remodeling and dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying how these stimuli affect tissue and cellular function, including mechanical stimulation-induc...
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - December 22, 2021 Category: Research Source Type: research
Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin Suppresses Arteritis in a Mouse Model of Kawasaki Disease
Conclusion: These findings suggest that rTM suppresses CAWS-induced vasculitis by upregulating IL-10. Therefore, rTM may be an effective treatment for KD.J Vasc Res (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - December 20, 2021 Category: Research Source Type: research
Effects of Fluid Therapy on Mesenteric Microcirculation Using New Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (Cellvizio ®) in a Porcine Model of Endotoxic Shock
Conclusion: There was no significant improvement of microcirculatory alterations after crystalloids resuscitation despite improvement in macrocirculatory parameters in early experimental sepsis.J Vasc Res (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - December 17, 2021 Category: Research Source Type: research
Contents, Vol. 58, 2021
J Vasc Res 2021;58:I –VI (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - November 23, 2021 Category: Research Source Type: research
Thanks to the Reviewers
J Vasc Res 2021;58:403 –404 (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - November 23, 2021 Category: Research Source Type: research
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J Vasc Res 2021;58:403 –404 (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - November 23, 2021 Category: Research Source Type: research
Oral L-Arginine (5 g/day) for 14 Days Improves Microcirculatory Function in Healthy Young Women and Healthy and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Elderly Women
Conclusion: L-Arginine supplementation (5g/day during 14 days) was able to improve vascular/microvascular health in the elderly women with or without T2DM.J Vasc Res (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - November 16, 2021 Category: Research Source Type: research
Characterizing Tissue Remodeling and Mechanical Heterogeneity in Cerebral Aneurysms
Accurately assessing the complex tissue mechanics of cerebral aneurysms (CAs) is critical for elucidating how CAs grow and whether that growth will lead to rupture. The factors that have been implicated in CA progression – blood flow dynamics, immune infiltration, and extracellular matrix remodeling – all occur heterogeneously throughout the CA. Thus, it stands to reason that the mechanical properties of CAs are also spatially heterogeneous. Here, we present a new method for characterizing the mechanical heterog eneity of human CAs using generalized anisotropic inverse mechanics, which uses biaxial stretching experimen...
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - November 10, 2021 Category: Research Source Type: research
Quantification of Lipid Area within Thermogenic Mouse Perivascular Adipose Tissue Using Standardized Image Analysis in FIJI
Quantification of adipocyte size and number is routinely performed for white adipose tissues using existing image analysis software. However, thermogenic adipose tissue has multilocular adipocytes, making it difficult to distinguish adipocyte cell borders and to analyze lipid proportion using existing methods. We developed a simple, standardized method to quantify lipid content of mouse thermogenic adipose tissue. This method, using FIJI analysis of hematoxylin/eosin stained sections, was highly objective and highly reproducible, with ∼99% inter-rater reliability. The method was compared to direct lipid staining of adipo...
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - November 4, 2021 Category: Research Source Type: research
The Impact of Fitness Status on Vascular and Baroreceptor Function in Healthy Women and Men
Conclusion: Endurance exercise increases LAC likely due to high-volume training; however, lower volumes of physical activity may be sufficient to positively benefit vascular health overall.J Vasc Res (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - September 27, 2021 Category: Research Source Type: research
Microstructural Characterization of Resistance Artery Remodelling in Diabetes Mellitus
Conclusions: Our results suggest diabetic microvascular remodelling is likely to be stress-driven, comprising at least 2 stages: (1) Laying down of adventitial bracing fibres that limit outward distension, and (2) Deposition of additional collagen in the media, likely due to the significantly altered mechanical environment. This work represents a step towards elucidating the local stress environment of cells, which is crucial to build accurate models of mechanotransduction in disease.J Vasc Res (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - September 20, 2021 Category: Research Source Type: research
Microvessel Density: Integrating Sex-Based Differences and Elevated Cardiovascular Risks in Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex pathological state consisting of metabolic risk factors such as hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity. The interconnectivity of cellular pathways within various biological systems suggests that each individual component of MetS may share common pathological sources. Additionally, MetS is closely associated with vasculopathy, including a reduction in microvessel density (MVD) (rarefaction) and elevated risk for various cardiovascular diseases. Microvascular impairments may contribute to perfusion-demand mismatch, where local metabolic needs are insufficiently met due to the lac...
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - September 14, 2021 Category: Research Source Type: research
DNA Methylation Profile of the < b > < i > SREBF2 < /i > < /b > Gene in Human Fetal Aortas
Increasing evidence suggests that maternal cholesterol represents an important risk factor for atherosclerotic disease in offspring already during pregnancy, although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Eighteen human fetal aorta samples were collected from the spontaneously aborted fetuses of normal cholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic mothers. Maternal total cholesterol levels were assessed during hospitalization. DNA methylation profiling of the wholeSREBF2 gene CpG island was performed (p value #x3c;0.05). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between the 2 groups. For the first time, ...
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - September 14, 2021 Category: Research Source Type: research
Opioids Cause Sex-Specific Vascular Changes via Cofilin-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling: Female Mice Present Higher Risk of Developing Morphine-Induced Vascular Dysfunction than Male Mice
Recent studies have shown that chronic use of prescription or illicit opioids leads to an increased risk of cardiovascular events and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Indices of vascular age and arterial stiffness are also shown to be increased in opioid-dependent patients, with the effects being more marked in women. There are currently no studies investigating sex-specific vascular dysfunction in opioid use, and the mechanisms leading to opioid-induced vascular damage remain unknown. We hypothesized that exposure to exogenous opioids causes sex-specific vascular remodeling that will be more pronounced in female. Acknowle...
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - September 14, 2021 Category: Research Source Type: research
