Overexpression of Toll-Like Receptors 2, 3, 4, and 8 Is Correlated to the Vascular Atherosclerotic Process in the Hyperlipidemic Rabbit Model: The Effect of Statin Treatment
Conclusion: For the first time TLR2, 3, 4, and 8 mRNA expression is prospectively explored after hypercholesterolemic diet in the rabbit model. TLR2, 3, 4, and 8 mRNA expression is strongly upregulated and correlates with the progression of atherosclerosis in the aorta. Flu significantly inhibited this progress and reduced inflammation via TLR downregulation which was strongly associated with regression of plaque morphology and atherosclerosis promoting factors.J Vasc Res 2017;54:156-169 (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - May 5, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
Conference Calendar
J Vasc Res 2017;54:122 (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - May 5, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
Insulin Antagonizes Thrombin-Induced Microvessel Leakage
In this study, we show that local injection of insulin under the skin of mice significantly inhibits thrombin-induced microvessel permeability and that insulin improves the barrier function of primary human endothelial cells under conditions that mimic endothelium in vivo. These findings indicate that insulin antagonizes thrombin-induced microvessel permeability. At the cell and molecular levels, we show that insulin interferes with thrombin-induced VE-cadherin signaling by decreasing the ability of thrombin to induce VE-cadherin translocati on to the cytoskeleton/nuclear compartment, leading to microvessel leakage. Simult...
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - May 5, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
Role of Organic Anion Transporters in the Uptake of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins by Human Endothelial Cells and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression
In this study, we investigated the role of OAT1 and OAT3 in the uptake of PCS and IS into human endothelial cells. PCS was synthesized viap-cresol sulfation and characterized using analytical methods. The cells were treated with PCS and IS in the absence and presence of probenecid (Pb), an OAT inhibitor. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. The absorbed toxins were analyzed using chromatography, OAT expression using immunocytochemistry and western blot, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability decreased after toxin treatment in a dose-depe...
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - May 4, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
Protective Function of Ahnak1 in Vascular Healing after Wire Injury
Conclusion: The large scaffold and adaptor proteins Ahnak1 and Ahnak2 exhibit differential expression patterns and functions in na ïve and injured arteries. Ahnak1 plays a nonredundant protective role in vascular healing.J Vasc Res 2017;54:131-142 (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - May 3, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
Downregulations of CD36 and Calpain-1, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis by Simvastatin in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice
Conclusion: The results suggested that the attenuation of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE KO mice by simvastatin might be associated with the downregulations of CD36 and calpain-1 and with inflammation.J Vasc Res 2017;54:123-130 (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - April 27, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
Effect of Topical Iloprost and Nitroglycerin on Gastric Microcirculation and Barrier Function during Hemorrhagic Shock in Dogs
Conclusions: During hemorrhage, topical nitroglycerin and iloprost improve regional gastric oxygenation without affecting perfusion. Nitroglycerin attenuated the shock-induced impairment of the mucosal barrier integrity. Thus, local drug application improves gastric microcirculation without compromising systemic hemodynamic variables, and it may also protect mucosal barrier function.J Vasc Res 2017;54:109-121 (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - April 25, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
Exogenous miRNA-146a Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Increasing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secretion in the Ischemia/Reperfusion-Injured Heart
Adult stem cells have been studied as a promising therapeutic modality for the functional restoration of the damaged heart. In the present study, a strategy for enhancing the angiogenic efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) using micro-RNA was examined. We investigated whether micro-RNA-146a (miR-146a) influences the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenesis of MSCs. Our data indicated that miR-146a-transfected hMSCs (hMSCmiR-146a) decreased the expression of neurofibromin 2, an inhibitor of p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1). miR-146a also increased the expression of Ras-related C3 botu...
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - April 13, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
Molecular Mechanisms Leading to Splanchnic Vasodilation in Liver Cirrhosis
In liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension is a consequence of enhanced intrahepatic vascular resistance and portal blood flow. Significant vasodilation in the arterial splanchnic district is crucial for an increase in portal flow. In this pathological condition, increased levels of circulating endogenous vasodilators, including nitric oxide, prostacyclin, carbon monoxide, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, glucagon, endogenous cannabinoids, and adrenomedullin, and a decreased vascular response to vasoconstrictors are the main mechanisms underlying splanchnic vasodilation. In this review, the molecular pathways leading to splanchnic ...
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - April 12, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
Conference Calendar
J Vasc Res 2017;54:58 (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - April 11, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
The Role of O-GlcNAcylation in Perivascular Adipose Tissue Dysfunction of Offspring of High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), which reduces vascular contractility, is dysfunctional in the male offspring of rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), partially due to a reduced NO bioavailability. O-GlcNAcylation of eNOS decreases its activity, thus we investigated the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the prenatal programming of PVAT dysfunction. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control (10% fat) or an obesogenic HFD (45% fat) diet for 12 weeks prior to mating, and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were weaned onto the control diet and were killed at 12 and 24 weeks of age. Mesenteric arteries from the 12-w...
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - April 3, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
In vivo Imaging of the Cerebral Endothelial Glycocalyx in Mice
Conclusion: We characterized the distribution of the cerebral endothelial glycocalyx in vivo. Compared to the results from ex vivo studies, the layer is thicker, indicating that the layer may be damaged in ex vivo systems. We also observed an inhomogeneous cerebral endothelial glycocalyx distribution that might reflect the functional heterogeneity of the vessel type.J Vasc Res 2017;54:59-67 (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - March 31, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
Changes in IP3 Receptor Expression and Function in Aortic Smooth Muscle of Atherosclerotic Mice
In this study we investigated: (1) the mechanism of peroxynitrite-induced relaxation in the mouse aorta, (2) the effect of atherosclerosis on relaxation to peroxynitrite and other vasodilators, and (3) the effect of atherosclerosis on the expression and function of the IP3 receptor. Aortic function was studied using wire myography, and atherosclerosis was induced by fat-feeding ApoE-/- mice. The expression of IP3 receptors was studied using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Relaxation to peroxynitrite was attenuated by the IP3 antagonists 2-APB and xestospongin C and also the Kv channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-...
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - March 31, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
Potassium-Channel-Independent Relaxing Influence of Adipose Tissue on Mouse Carotid Artery
Since the cardiovascular consequences of obesity reportedly vary in different types of obesity, we investigated the influence of adipose tissue from different locales on the phenylephrine-induced tone of the mouse carotid artery. Vessels were mounted in a Mulvany-Halpern-type wire myograph, and adipose tissue, from the back (brown) or mesenteric or inguinal subcutaneous (white), was placed around the artery. Contractile responses to phenylephrine were not affected by brown adipose tissue but were reduced (p (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - March 23, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
Circulating Concentrations of Adipocytokines and Their Receptors in the Isolated Corpus Cavernosum and Femoral Artery from Trained Rats on a High-Fat Diet
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training ameliorated the inflammatory adipocytokines and restored the relaxation responses in the corpus cavernosum and femoral artery in rats on a high-fat diet.J Vasc Res 2017;54:33-50 (Source: Journal of Vascular Research)
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - March 13, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
