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HIV Testing at Visits to US Emergency Departments, 2018
Conclusions: HIV testing occurred in a minority of ED visits. There are differences in rates of HIV testing by race, ethnicity, and location. Although rates of testing have increased, rates of ED-based HIV testing remain low. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - June 17, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

SARS-CoV-2 Testing and Positivity Among Persons With and Without HIV in 6 US Cohorts
Conclusions: Although PWH had higher testing proportions compared with PWoH, we did not find evidence of increased positivity in 6 large, diverse populations across the United States. Ongoing monitoring of testing, positivity, and COVID-19–related outcomes in PWH are needed, given availability, response, and durability of COVID-19 vaccines; emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants; and latest therapeutic options. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - June 17, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Comparison of HIV-Infected and Noninfected Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: The ObeVIH Study
Conclusions: HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected subjects undergoing bariatric surgery presented a similar profile regarding anthropometric measures, cardiovascular parameters, and comorbidities. However, INSTI-treated participants presented milder SCAT and liver alterations than non–INSTI-treated participants. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Risk of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome With Integrase Inhibitors Versus Other Classes of Antiretrovirals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Conclusions: In this meta-analysis among treatment-naive patients commencing first-line antiretroviral therapy, InSTI regimens were not associated with higher risk of IRIS. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Randomized Trial of a Web-Based Tobacco Treatment and Online Community Support for People With HIV Attempting to Quit Smoking Cigarettes
Background: Persons with HIV (PWH) in the United States (US) smoke cigarettes at approximately triple the rate of the general adult population and are less successful in their quit attempts than other smokers. This randomized trial tested whether a novel web-based cessation program for PWH yielded higher cigarette quit rates compared with a control program. Setting: Two urban HIV care sites in NYC and Baltimore. Methods: Between 2016 and 2020, 506 PWH were randomized to either Positively Smoke Free on the Web (PSFW+; N = 255), a multimodal platform, interactive web intervention hosted within an online soc...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: The First Longitudinal Follow-Up of a cART-Treated Cohort of Older People in Sub-Saharan Africa
Conclusions: In this first longitudinal study characterizing clinical course of HAND in older cART-treated PLWH in sub-Saharan Africa, HAND was highly prevalent with variable progression and reversibility. Progression may be more related to cognitive reserve than HIV disease in cART-treated PLWH. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Believing That It Is Hazardous to Mix Alcohol With Medicines Predicts Intentional Nonadherence to Antiretrovirals
Conclusions: Beliefs that it is hazardous to drink alcohol when taking medications explains intentional nonadherence and should be directly addressed in adherence improvement interventions for people living with HIV who drink alcohol. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in People Living With HIV Is Related to Body Fat Distribution
Conclusion: Waist and hip circumference and subcutaneous fat area are associated with impaired CEF, an established metric of abnormal vascular health in PLWH on stable ART, and may contribute to the increased rate of heart disease in this population. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Recent Trends in Adult and Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Monitoring and Failure
Conclusions: Although viral failure in our Asian cohort now comprises a larger portion of ART failure than in prior years, the diagnostic characteristics of immune and clinical failure, and recommendations on their management, remain important inclusions for regional ART guidelines. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Optimal Lung Cancer Screening Criteria Among Persons Living With HIV
Conclusions: The 2021 USPSTF lung cancer screening recommendations would have resulted in more PWH with lung cancer being eligible for screening at the time of their diagnosis. Further investigation is needed to determine optimal screening criteria for PWH, particularly in women. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Relationship of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Inflammation–Related Gene Expression With Ectopic Lipid Deposition in Persons With HIV
Conclusion: Altered expression of macrophage-related genes in SAT is associated with differences in ectopic fat depot morphometrics among PWH on long-term ART, including in the pericardial and visceral compartments. These findings provide basis for future studies to assess host, virus, and treatment factors shaping the SAT immune environment and its effects on morphometric changes and metabolic comorbidities in PWH. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Retinal Microvasculature and Immune Restoration Among South Eastern Asian Patients With HIV/AIDS Over a 9-Month Antiretroviral Therapy
Conclusion: Patients with HIV/AIDS with a suboptimal retinal microvascular morphology tended to fail immune restoration undertaking a 9-month antiretroviral therapy. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

A Multicomponent Intervention to Reduce Readmissions Among People With HIV
Conclusions: A multicomponent intervention reduced the adjusted risk of 30-day readmissions in PWH, although no dose–response effect was detected. Additional efforts are needed to reduce overall hospitalizations and readmissions among PWH including increasing HIV prevention, early diagnosis and engagement in care, and expanding the availability and spectrum of transitional care services. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Implementation Science Source Type: research

Predictive Analytics Using Machine Learning to Identify ART Clients at Health System Level at Greatest Risk of Treatment Interruption in Mozambique and Nigeria
Conclusions: Machine-learned models outperformed current classification techniques and showed potential to better direct health worker resources toward patients at greatest risk of LTFU. Moreover, models performed equally across sex and age groups, supporting the model's generalizability and wider application. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Implementation Science Source Type: research

Exploring Estimates and Reasons for Lost to Follow-Up Among People Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Kisumu County, Kenya
Conclusion: We found that more than half of patients LTFU were receiving HIV care elsewhere, leading to a higher overall patient retention rate than routinely reported. Similar strategies could be considered to improve the accuracy of reporting retention in HIV care. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Implementation Science Source Type: research