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Association Between HIV and Prevalence and Manifestations of Asthma: Analysis of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women's Interagency HIV Study
Conclusions: Among PWH and people without HIV, asthma prevalence was 2-fold to 3-fold higher using self-reported definition rather than robust definition. In men and women, HIV was not associated with increased asthma prevalence. In men, HIV was associated with more respiratory symptoms when asthma was self-reported; the relationship was attenuated with the robust criteria. Further studies are needed to explore asthma phenotypes among PWH. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - November 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Changes in Serum Inflammatory Markers in Antiretroviral Therapy–Naive HIV-Infected Patients Starting Dolutegravir/Lamivudine or Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtricitabine/Bictegravir
No abstract available (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Persistent CD38 Expression on CD8+ T Lymphocytes Contributes to Altered Mitochondrial Function and Chronic Inflammation in People With HIV, Despite ART
Conclusions: ART only partially reduced HIV-induced CD38 expression on CD8+ T cells. CD8+ CD38+ T cells are highly activated in vivo, and HIV-specific stimulation in vitro augments CD38 expression, contributing to a proinflammatory response despite virologic control with ART. Therefore, CD38 is a potential therapeutic target for mitigating chronic inflammation that likely drives cellular aging, comorbidities, and end-organ disease in PWH. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Translational Research Source Type: research

Effects of Initiating Raltegravir-Based Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Regimens During Pregnancy on Weight Changes and Perinatal Outcomes: NICHD P1081
Conclusions: A raltegravir-based antiretroviral regimen was associated with significantly higher antepartum rate of weight gain and BMI increase compared with efavirenz-based treatment in antiretroviral-naive pregnant women. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Pregnancy in Women With HIV in a Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Trial
Conclusions: Pregnancy was common in women who had received TPT and more frequent in women who had received rifamycin-isoniazid–based regimens. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Cryptococcal Antigen Screening and Missed Opportunities for Earlier Diagnosis Among People With HIV and Poor Virologic Control in the Bronx, NY
Background: There is no established cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening guideline for people with HIV who are antiretroviral therapy experienced but have poor virologic control. We assessed factors associated with CrAg screening and describe missed opportunities for earlier testing. Setting: Ambulatory clinics affiliated with Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of CrAg screening among asymptomatic people with HIV with absolute CD4 counts200 cells/mm3 and HIV viral loads (VLs)> 200 copies/mL receiving HIV care from 2015 to 2020. We used Cox proportional ha...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Dynamics of Total and Intact HIV-1 DNA in Virologically Suppressed Patients Switching to DTG-Based or ATV-Based Dual Therapy
Conclusions: Both tDNA and iDNA dynamics supported noninferior efficacy of 2DRs over 3DRs. iDNA could be more informative than tDNA in analyzing the dynamics of the HIV-1 reservoir under different treatment strategies. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Pregnancy Outcomes Among Perinatally HIV-Infected Women in Spain
Conclusions: Pregnancy in this unique population of women living with perinatally acquired HIV poses particular challenges. Specific strategies, including a multidisciplinary approach, are needed to minimize perinatal transmission risks and improve outcomes during the postpartum period. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Effect of Antiretroviral Switch From Tenofovir Disoproxil fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide on Alanine Aminotransferase, Lipid Profiles, and Renal Function in HIV/HBV-Coinfected Individuals in a Nationwide Canadian Study
Objective: Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) achieves increased renal safety and improved alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization but increased lipid profile in hepatitis B virus (HBV)–monoinfected patients switched from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). It is unclear whether HIV coinfection perturbs these biochemical changes. To this end, we assessed these parameters in HIV/HBV-coinfected patients switched from TDF to TAF. Design: Retrospective, multicenter, observational study. Methods: HIV/HBV-coinfected patients switched from TDF to TAF-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) at 6 Canadian Hepatitis B ...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: HIV-Positive and Breastfeeding in High-Income Settings: 5-Year Experience From a Perinatal Center in Germany
Conclusions: Although the cohort is too small to assess VT risk through breastfeeding with cART-suppressed mVL, breastfeeding might be an alternative even in high-income countries, but further studies are needed. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

The Role of Social Biases, Race, and Condom Use in Willingness to Prescribe HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis to MSM: An Experimental, Vignette-Based Study
Conclusions: Participants were least willing to prescribe PrEP to patients who planned to discontinue condom use. Patients seeking PrEP are exhibiting agency over their sexual health, and clinicians should fulfill their role in ensuring access to this primary preventative therapy. Training and curricular reform regarding PrEP are needed. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research

Economic Well-being and Associated Mediating Pathways to Improved Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Adolescents Living With HIV: A Prospective Cohort Study in South Africa
Conclusion: Poverty reduction programs such as HIV-sensitive social protection can address structural and psychological pathways to increase ART adherence among economically disadvantaged adolescents by incentivizing demand-side interventions and the provision of quality essential services. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the Public-Sector of Johannesburg, South Africa, in the Era of Widescale Antiretroviral Therapy Use
Conclusions: Although the frequency of DLBCL in Johannesburg has not dropped significantly in the post-ART era, a slight improvement in survival is observed. However, outcomes remain poor, indicating a need for further improvements in care. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Prehypertension and Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing in PWH in Tanzania
No abstract available (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Higher Soluble CD163 in Blood Is Associated With Significant Depression Symptoms in Men With HIV
Conclusions: Higher sCD163, a marker of macrophage activation, was significantly associated with significant depression symptoms in the MACS. Further research on this biomarker and macrophage activation in general is warranted to better understand and treat depression in PWH. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Translational Research Source Type: research