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Concurrent Cervical and Anal High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women Living With HIV: An Observational Case–Control Study
Background: To evaluate the prevalence and correlates of concurrent uterine cervical and anal HR-HPV infections in women living with HIV (WLHIV). Setting: A cross-sectional study was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital and linked ART center. Methods: One hundred and forty-one WLHIV and 161 HIV-negative women were enrolled for cervical and anal cytology as well as HR-HPV testing using the HC2 method. Screen-positive women were followed-up with colposcopy/anoscopy and/or repeat cytology. Appropriate statistical tests were applied to assess the association of concurrent HR-HPV with various parameters. ...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Lung and Plasma Metabolome in HIV-Associated Obstructive Lung Disease
Conclusions: Collectively, BALF metabolites differentiate PWH with and without OLD. These included several BALF lipid metabolites. These findings were limited to BALF and were not found in plasma from the same individuals. Phosphatidylcholine, the most common lipid component of surfactant, was the predominant lipid metabolite differentially expressed. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Preferences for Weight Gain Compared With Other Antiretroviral Therapy Side Effects in People Living With HIV: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Conclusions: Weight gain was the second most important short-term side effect and the third most important long-term side effect in a cohort of Australian PLWH. However, weight gain was the most important side effect of ARV for a significant minority. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Forty-Eight Week Outcomes of a Site-Randomized Trial of Combined Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Medication Management Algorithm for Treatment of Depression Among Youth With HIV in the United States
Conclusions: The impact of manualized, measurement-guided cognitive behavioral therapy and medication management algorithm tailored for YWH that was efficacious at week 24 continued to be evident at weeks 36 and 48. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Mortality After Loss to Follow-Up—A Linkage Study of People Living With HIV in Thailand and Malaysia
Conclusions: Almost one-third of PLHIV who were LTFU in this cohort had died while out of care, emphasizing the importance of efforts to reengage PLHIV after they have been LTFU and ensure they have access to ongoing ART. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Virologic Impact of the Dolutegravir Transition: Prospective Results From the Multinational African Cohort Study
We described the virologic consequences of switching regimens in the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS), an observational cohort in Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. Methods: Among antiretroviral-experienced people living with HIV (PLWH) in AFRICOS, we compared viral load (VL) nonsuppression (VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL) among those who switched with those who never switched to TLD, restricting to participants who had at least 1 visit with a recorded VL after the countrywide rollout of TLD. We calculated Kaplan–Meier curves and conducted Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confid...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Performance of Tuberculosis Symptom Screening Among Hospitalized ART-Naive Children With HIV in Kenya
Conclusions: The WHO TB symptom screen was highly sensitive but resulted in a high proportion of hospitalized CHIV who would require TB diagnostic evaluation. Other published TB screening criteria missed CHIV with confirmed TB. Our optimized screening tool increased specificity while preserving sensitivity. Future multicenter studies are needed to improve TB screening tools for CHIV in both inpatient and outpatient settings. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Financial Burden of Toxoplasmosis Encephalitis Treatment at a Safety Net Hospital
Conclusions: The price increase of pyrimethamine in 2015 led to a substantial and unnecessary financial burden to hospitals. This required health care systems to shift valuable resources to continue to provide medications to a vulnerable patient population. There has been more focus on providing high-value care in recent years. Our study highlights the need for further examination of pharmaceutical companies' arbitrary determination of medication costs and how they contribute to patient care. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Implementation Science Source Type: research

Assisted Partner Services for People Who Inject Drugs: Index Characteristics Associated With Untreated HIV in Partners
Background: Assisted partner services (APSs) is a feasible, acceptable, and effective strategy that increases uptake of HIV testing; however, it has not been used widely among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Africa to notify sexual and injecting partners of potential exposures to HIV and provide testing services. Setting: Nairobi, Kilifi, and Mombasa counties in Kenya. Methods: PWID living with HIV (indexes) were enrolled and asked to provide contact information for sexual and injecting partners who were traced and offered HIV testing. APS efficiency was assessed by the number of indexes needed to inter...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Change in Substance Use and the Effects of Social Distancing on Health-Related Quality of Life and Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic in People Living With and Without HIV
Background: Little is known about the impact of social distancing on health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in older people with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Setting: HIV-positive and HIV-negative AGEhIV Cohort Study participants. Method: In September-November 2020, participants completed questionnaires on social distancing, change in substance use, health-related quality of life (EQ-6D, including EQ-VAS), and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). Associations between social distancing and (1) EQ-VAS or (2) PHQ-9 score ≥10 (clinically relevant depressive symptoms) were analyzed using fractio...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Brief Report: Role of Gender-Affirming Hormonal Care in HIV Care Continuum Outcomes When Comparing Transgender Women With Cisgender Sexual Minority Men
Conclusions: In the context of HIV, socioeconomic factors, comorbidities, and gender-affirming care distinguish transwomen from cis-SMM. Compared with cis-SMM, transwomen who were prescribed estrogen had better HIV care continuum outcomes; transwomen not prescribed estrogen had worse outcomes. These differences should be accounted for in HIV-related research. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Brief Report: It's Time to Embed Health-Related Quality of Life Across all Steps of the HIV Care Cascade
Conclusions: HIV care must not only focus on viral suppression but also better recognize the intersecting and multifaceted challenges faced by PLWH when taking HIV treatment and engaging in care. Evaluating HrQoL at each step of the cascade using validated patient-reported outcome and experience measures would assist in systematically tracking and addressing challenges faced by PLWH. Measures chosen through global consensus may facilitate rigorous comparisons across jurisdictions. Adopting a patient-oriented research paradigm will also be crucial for empowering and meaningfully engaging patients throughout the research...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Non-AIDS Events in Individuals With Spontaneous Control of HIV-1: A Systematic Review
Conclusion: Individuals with spontaneous control of HIV-1 do not seem to be at a greater risk to develop different nADEs compared with PLHIV on suppressive ART. More data are needed, because the present conclusions are based on a limited number of studies that show large heterogeneity among them. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Critical Review Source Type: research

Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence During and Postbreastfeeding Cessation Measured by Tenofovir Levels in Hair
We examined change in antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence after breastfeeding (BF) cessation using hair tenofovir (TFV) concentrations as an objective metric of medication consumption. Methods: A subset of postpartum women in Zimbabwe randomized in IMPAACT PROMISE to take ART while BF and post-BF cessation had hair TFV measured longitudinally. Using linear mixed-effect models, we estimated differences in hair TFV levels after BF cessation, accounting for trends in levels over time regardless of BF status and change in slope after breastfeeding cessation. We also estimated the relative risk of viremia (>50 copie...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Rapid Communication Source Type: research

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Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research