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Brief Report: Heterogeneous Preferences for Care Engagement Among People With HIV Experiencing Homelessness or Unstable Housing During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Conclusions: We identified heterogeneous care preferences among PLH experiencing homelessness/unstable housing during the COVID-19 pandemic, with two-thirds preferring greater flexibility and one-third preferring provider continuity. Telehealth was not preferred, even with navigator facilitation. Including patient choice in service delivery design can improve care engagement, particularly for marginalized populations, and is an essential tool for ending the HIV epidemic. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Implementation Science Source Type: research

Incorrect Knowledge of Event-Driven PrEP “2-1-1” Dosing Regimen Among PrEP-Experienced Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia
Conclusions: Although ED-PrEP awareness was considerable, most participants did not know how to use ED-PrEP correctly. Further work is needed to increase awareness and knowledge of ED-PrEP among GBM. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research

Incident HIV Infection Among Young Men Associated With Female Sexual Partner Types Identified Through Latent Class Analysis, Rakai, Uganda
Conclusions: Partner-type combination was strongly associated with HIV incidence; type C partners and having more than 1 partner type were the riskiest patterns. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

The Effect of HIV Programs in South Africa on National HIV Incidence Trends, 2000–2019
Conclusions: HIV incidence in South Africa has declined substantially since 2000, with ART and condom promotion contributing most significantly to this decline. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - May 20, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Higher Cerebrospinal Fluid Soluble Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator Receptor, But Not Interferon γ-inducible Protein 10, Correlate With Higher Working Memory Deficits
Background: We hypothesized that the induction of monocyte activation biomarkers, especially soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and interferon γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), is lower in HIV-1C than HIV-1B, owing to a defective Tat cysteine dimotif (C30S). Methods: A total of 68 paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from people with HIV (PWH), free of CNS opportunistic infections, from a Southern Brazil outpatient HIV clinic were evaluated such as HIV-1B subtype (n = 27), HIV-1C (n = 26), other (n = 15), and 19 HIV-negative controls. The levels of suPAR, IP-10, neopterin,...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Translational Research Source Type: research

Ethnic/Racial Disparities in Longitudinal Neurocognitive Decline in People With HIV
Conclusions: Latino PWH may be at higher risk of early neurocognitive decline compared with Black and White PWH. Comorbidities accounted for some, but not all, of this increased risk among Latino PWH. Future research examining institutional, sociocultural, and biomedical factors, including structural discrimination and age-related biomarkers, may further explain the observed disparities. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Disengagement From HIV Care and Failure of Second-Line Therapy in Nigeria: A Retrospective Cohort Study, 2005–2017
Background: Understanding the correlates of disengagement from HIV care and treatment failure during second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) could inform interventions to improve clinical outcomes among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of PLHIV aged>15 years who started second-line ART at a tertiary center in Nigeria between 2005 and 2017. Participants were considered to have disengaged from care if they had not returned within a year after each clinic visit. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate factors associated with: (1) viral failure (HIV-...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Effects of Framingham 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk Score and Viral Load on Brain Integrity in Persons With HIV
Conclusions: Neuroimaging, but not cognitive measures, was associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. HIV serostatus was associated with diminished brain volumes and worse cognition while CBF remained unchanged, reflecting potential protective effects of cART. Neuroimaging measures of structure (volume) and function (CBF) may identify contributions of comorbidities, but future longitudinal studies are needed. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Results of the Kigali Imbereheza Project: A 2-Arm Individually Randomized Trial of TI-CBT Enhanced to Address ART Adherence and Mental Health for Rwandan Youth Living With HIV
Conclusions: TI-CBTe did not outperform usual care on ART adherence, possibly reflecting relatively high adherence at baseline, simplified medication regimens over time, a strong comparison condition, or because youth assigned to TI-CBTe returned to their support groups after the intervention. TI-CBTe was more effective for youth with lower depression/anxiety symptoms, whereas youth with high distress benefitted more from the support groups. TI-CBTe was feasible and acceptable, and young adults living with HIV were able to deliver a mental health intervention with fidelity. The powerful nature of the comparison group, ...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Patients' Experiences and Opinions After Desimplification of Their Single-Tablet Regimens for the Treatment of HIV Infection: A Survey in a Multicentre Cohort
Conclusions: After STR desimplification, most of the patients had a fair knowledge about generic antiretrovirals, and they agreed to desimplify their STR to decrease costs. Although almost a third of the respondents were not happy to take 2 pills a day, only a minority reported worse adherence or quality of life. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Blood and Genital Fluid Viral Load Trajectories Among Treated and Untreated Persons With Acute HIV Infection in Malawi
Background: Persons with acute HIV infection (AHI) are highly infectious and responsible for a disproportionate share of incident infections. Immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) rapidly reduces blood viral loads (VLs), but genital VLs after ART initiation during AHI are less well described. Setting: Lilongwe, Malawi, 2012–2014. Methods: HIV-seronegative and HIV-serodiscordant persons aged ≥18 years were screened for AHI (RNA positive) and randomized to standard of care, behavioral intervention, or behavioral intervention plus short-term ART (raltegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir) (1:2:2). Persons who...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Insomnia and Risk of Myocardial Infarction Among People With HIV
Conclusions: PWH reporting insomnia are at an increased risk of T2MI, but not T1MI, compared with PWH without insomnia, highlighting the importance of distinguishing MI types among PWH. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Improve HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Initiation, Adherence, and Persistence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Conclusion: PrEP initiation interventions achieved moderate public health gains and could be cost-effective. However, substantial financial resources would be needed to improve the PrEP care continuum toward meeting EHE goals. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Implementation Science Source Type: research

Evaluation of a Public Health Referral System to Re-Engage Individuals Living With HIV Who Have Interrupted Antiretroviral Therapy in British Columbia, Canada
Background: In 2016, the British Columbia HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program modified its prescriber alert system for antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruptions to include referrals to regional public health nursing teams for direct outreach support for those who remain off treatment for 4 months or longer. We evaluated clinically relevant outcomes of this Re-Engagement and Engagement in Treatment for Antiretroviral Interrupted and Naïve populations (RETAIN) initiative, in comparison to previous time-periods. Methods: We analyzed ART interruptions triggering alerts in pre-RETAIN (July 2013-April 2016) and post-RET...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Implementation Science Source Type: research

Safety and Tolerability of Once Daily Coformulated Bictegravir, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide for Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual Exposure
Conclusions: BIC/FTC/TAF coformulated as a single daily pill was found to be safe, well-tolerated, and highly acceptable when used for PEP, and compared more favorably than historical PEP regimens used at an urban health center. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research