Geographic Variation in HIV Testing Among Transgender and Nonbinary Adults in the United States
Background: Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) populations are disproportionately affected by HIV and few local health departments or HIV surveillance systems collect/report data on TNB identities. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of HIV testing among TNB adults by US county and state, with a focus on the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) geographies. Methods: We applied a Bayesian hierarchical spatial small area estimation model to data from the 2015 US Transgender Survey, a large national cross-sectional Internet-based survey. We estimated the county- and state-level proportion of TNB adults who ever test...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - March 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Structural and Psychosocial Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Care and Treatment Outcomes Among Female Sex Workers in the Dominican Republic
Conclusions: FSW living with HIV in the Dominican Republic have been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted interventions that address structural (financial security and partner abuse) and psychosocial (mental health) factors are needed to sustain HIV outcomes and well-being. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - March 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Visualizing the Geography of HIV Observational Cohorts With Density-Adjusted Cartograms
Conclusion: Choropleth maps and cartograms offer powerful visual evidence of the geographic distribution of HIV disease and cohort representation and should be used to guide targeted public health interventions. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - March 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Close to Zero, but Not Zero: What Is an Acceptable HIV Transmission Risk Through Breastfeeding?
No abstract available (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - February 25, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Sexual Behaviors, Substance Use, and Quality of Life Among Individuals Using PrEP in San Francisco During the COVID-19 Pandemic Shelter-In-Place Orders: A Cross-Sectional Survey
No abstract available (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - February 25, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Viral Suppression Levels in Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women With Newly Diagnosed HIV and Alcohol Use Disorder in Peru: Results From a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Using Oral Naltrexone
Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are common in men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in Peru and undermine antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Oral naltrexone (NTX) is an evidence-based treatment for AUD that has not been assessed in cotreating AUD in MSM/TGW with HIV. Setting and Design: A multi-site, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among MSM/TGW with AUD and newly diagnosed with HIV in Lima, Peru. Methods: Newly diagnosed MSM/TGW with HIV and AUD were prescribed a single-treatment regimen of EFV/TDF/FTC from 2014 to 2015 and randomized 2:1 to oral NTX...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - February 25, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Neopterin Relates to Lifetime Depression in Older Adults With HIV on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy
Background: Chronic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of depression in persons with HIV (PWH). Neopterin, a biomarker of HIV-related immune activation that partially normalizes with antiretroviral therapy (ART), correlates with major depressive disorder (MDD) and subclinical depressive symptoms in persons without HIV and acutely infected, young PWH. The sensitivity of neopterin, however, to both lifetime and current depression is poorly understood in older PWH on suppressive ART. Methods: Participants were 70 PWH and 35 persons without HIV (HIV−) who were at least 50 years old and completed standard...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - February 25, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Impact of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Use During Pregnancy on Viral Suppression at Delivery and Infant Outcomes: A Statewide Retrospective Cohort Study
Background: We sought to determine whether pregnant women with HIV prescribed integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) were more likely to have viral suppression at delivery and any increased risk of adverse infant outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective, statewide cohort study of women with HIV and their HIV-exposed infants who delivered in South Carolina from 2008 to 2019. Women's antenatal AVRs were classified as INSTI or non-INSTI. We compared the percentage of women with undetectable HIV RNA viral load ( (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - February 25, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Lower Neurocognitive Functioning in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children Compared With That in HIV-Unexposed Children
Conclusions: Children exposed to HIV had poorer long-term neurocognitive outcomes than CHUU. These data suggest that long-term studies of neurocognitive and educational attainment in CHEU are warranted. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - February 25, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Efficacy in Participants With Preexisting Primary Integrase Inhibitor Resistance Through 48 Weeks of Phase 3 Clinical Trials
Background: Preexisting drug resistance limits the utility of HIV antiretroviral therapy. Studies have demonstrated safety and efficacy of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF), including in patients with M184V/I substitutions. Setting: We investigated virologic outcomes through 48 weeks of B/F/TAF treatment in individuals with preexisting primary integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance (INSTI-R). Methods: Preexisting INSTI-R was retrospectively evaluated from 7 B/F/TAF studies. INSTI-R was assessed by historical genotypes and/or baseline RNA or DNA sequencing. Viral loads were ...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - February 25, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Nicotine Metabolism Ratio Increases in HIV-Positive Smokers on Effective Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cohort Study
Background: People with HIV (PWH) smoke tobacco at much higher rates than the general population. Previous research has shown that PWH have faster nicotine metabolism than HIV-uninfected individuals, which may underlie this disparity, but the cause is unknown. We investigated whether higher nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR; 3-hydroxycotinine:cotinine), a validated biomarker of nicotine metabolism through CYP2A6, was associated with antiretroviral use among HIV-infected smokers. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of HIV-positive smokers in the University of Pennsylvania Center for AIDS Research coho...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - February 25, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Active HIV Case Finding in the City of Kigali, Rwanda: Assessment of Voluntary Assisted Partner Notification Modalities to Detect Undiagnosed HIV Infections
Conclusion: All 3 VAPN modalities were comparable in identifying partners with HIV. Male individuals and newly diagnosed index cases were more likely to have partners with HIV. HIV-positive yield from index testing was higher than the national average and should be scaled up to reach the first UNAIDS-95 target by 2030. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - February 25, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Implementation Science Source Type: research

Effects of Sex, Existing Antibodies, and HIV-1–Related and Other Baseline Factors on Antibody Responses to Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine in Persons With HIV
Conclusions: We did not find any sex differences of serologic response to HPV vaccine. Ab titer gain was lower in those with preexisting antibodies due to previous natural infection. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - February 25, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research

Infusion Reactions After Receiving the Broadly Neutralizing Antibody VRC01 or Placebo to Reduce HIV-1 Acquisition: Results From the Phase 2b Antibody-Mediated Prevention Randomized Trials
We report on AMP study IRRs. Methods: From 2016 to 2018, 2699 HIV-uninfected, at-risk men and transgender adults in the Americas and Switzerland (704/085) and 1924 at-risk heterosexual women in sub-Saharan Africa (703/081) were randomized 1:1:1 to VRC01 10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, or placebo. Participants received infusions every 8 weeks (n = 10/participant) over 72 weeks, with 104 weeks of follow-up. Safety assessments were conducted before and after infusion and at noninfusion visits. A total of 40,674 infusions were administered. Results: Forty-seven participants (1.7%) experienced 49 IRRs in 704/085; 93 (4.8%) ex...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - February 25, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research

Development and Validation of a Model for Prediction of End-Stage Liver Disease in People With HIV
Conclusion: This model of readily accessible clinical parameters predicted ESLD in a large diverse population of PWH. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - February 25, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research