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Overcoming Challenges of Online Research: Measures to Ensure Enrollment of Eligible Participants
Conclusion: Our multicomponent strategy was effective for identifying ineligible and fraudulent responses to our eligibility survey, allowing us to send the study survey link only to those whose eligibility we were able to confirm. Our findings suggest that proactive fraud prevention can be built into the screening phase of the study to prevent wasted resources related to data cleaning and unretrievable study incentives and ultimately improve the quality of data. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Translational Research Source Type: research

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anal HPV Infection in MSM Living With HIV: Identifying the Target Groups to Prioritize for Immunization
Background: Aims of this study are assessing prevalence of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in male who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV over a period of 5 years and determining risk factors for anal infection from high-risk (HR) HPV genotypes or included in vaccine Gardasil 9. Setting: Time–trend, monocentric study on MSM living with HIV who underwent HPV test at anal site from 2015 to 2019. Methods: Anal swabs were processed by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect HPV genotypes. The Cochran–Armitage test was used to assess linear trend in HPV prevalence over time a...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Longitudinal Cognitive Outcomes in Children With HIV in Zambia: 2-Year Outcomes From the HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in Zambia (HANDZ) Study
Objective: To describe longitudinal outcomes and predictors of cognitive outcomes in children with HIV in Zambia. Background: Multiple studies have shown that children with HIV are at risk for impaired cognition. However, there are limited data on longitudinal cognitive outcomes in children with HIV. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 208 perinatally infected children with HIV ages 8–17 years, all treated with antiretroviral therapy, and 208 HIV-exposed uninfected controls. Participants were followed for 2 years. Cognition was assessed with a custom NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, and te...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Retinal Thinning in People With Well-Controlled HIV Infection
Conclusions: People with HIV on antiretroviral therapy have thinning of the RNFL and GC-IPL of the retina, and women particularly are affected to a greater degree. This retinal thinning was associated with worse performance on tests of information processing speed. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Comparative Clinical Outcomes With Scale-up of Dolutegravir as First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Ukraine
Conclusions: DTG-based regimens were comparable with LPV and more effective than EFV in achieving viral suppression among ART-naive patients in a multisite cohort in Ukraine. Treatment retention was equally high in all 3 groups. This evidence from Ukraine supports the ART Optimization Initiative as a strategy to improve efficiency of the ART program without negatively affecting patient clinical outcomes. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Diagnostic Accuracy of the Rapid Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load XC, Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load, & m-PIMA HIV-1/2 Viral Load in South African Clinics
Conclusions: In these South African clinics, the accuracy of all 3 assays was clinically acceptable to detect viraemia at the WHO failure threshold, whereas both Xpert assays were also accurate at detecting low-level viraemia. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous 10-1074 and VRC01LS in Young Children
Background: Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) suppress HIV-1 RNA and may deplete residual viral reservoirs. We evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of dual intravenous VRC01LS and 10-1074 in very early-treated children with HIV-1 on suppressive antiretroviral treatment (ART). Setting: Botswana. Methods: Children with HIV-1 (median age 3.1 years) on ART from (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Variation in Heart Failure Risk by HIV Severity and Sex in People With HIV Infection
Background: HIV is an independent risk factor for heart failure (HF). However, the association of HIV severity with incident HF and the potential interaction with sex are incompletely understood. Setting: Integrated health care system. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of people with HIV (PWH) and matched people without HIV (PWoH), all aged ≥ 21 years and with no previous HF. Poisson regression was used to compare incident HF by HIV status, with PWH stratified by severity of HIV infection [defined by recent ( (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Predictive Risk Model for Serious Falls Among Older Persons Living With HIV
Conclusions: After refitting their coefficients, the same variables predicted risk of serious falls among older PWH nearly and they had among middle-aged Veterans. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin Is Associated With Cognition in Women With and Without HIV
Conclusion: The current study suggests an association between bone-derived ucOCN and cognition in women with and without HIV infection. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Impact of COVID-19 on Cabotegravir Plus Rilpivirine Long-Acting Dosing Across 6 Ongoing Global Phase IIb and III Clinical Trials
Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, most trial participants maintained their LA dosing schedules. Flexibility of the LA dosing regimen, with the ability to switch to oral therapy, facilitated continuous ART provision and implementation fidelity. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Discontinuation During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in a Multisite Clinical Cohort in the United States
Conclusions: In this study, rates of PrEP discontinuation were largely unchanged with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of telehealth likely helped retain patients in PrEP care and should continue to be offered in the future. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research

Projected Impact of Expanded Long-Acting Injectable PrEP Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men on Local HIV Epidemics
Conclusions: LAI PrEP has the potential to substantially reduce HIV incidence among MSM, particularly if it increases PrEP uptake and continued use beyond existing levels. Because potential effects vary by city, the effectiveness of expanding PrEP use is dependent on local dynamics. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research

PrEP Access Affected by COVID-19 Is Associated With Increased Odds of HIV Seroconversion
Abstract: Black and Hispanic/Latino sexual minority men and gender diverse (SMMGD) individuals report lower uptake and adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) compared with White SMMGD. For some, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in reduced access to PrEP prescriptions and related changes to PrEP use, yet little is known how pandemic-related changes to PrEP access and sexual activity might influence sexually transmitted infection (STI) status and HIV seroconversion among SMMGD of color. We used data from 4 waves of a national study of Black and Hispanic/Latino SMMGD's HIV, PrEP, and health experiences to assess w...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

High Levels of Pretreatment HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations Among South African Women Who Acquired HIV During a Prospective Study
Conclusions: The high levels of PDR, particularly to NNRTIs, strongly support the recent change to the South African national HIV treatment guidelines to transition to a first-line drug regimen that excludes NNRTIs. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - September 18, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research