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A Peer-Led Online Community to Increase HIV Self-Testing Among African American and Latinx MSM: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Conclusions: A peer-led online community seems to be an effective method of increasing HIV self-testing among MSM of color. We discuss the implications of the wave effects on public health research and policy. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research

Brief Report: Transgender Women and Preexposure Prophylaxis Care: High Preexposure Prophylaxis Adherence in a Real-World Health Care Setting in New York City
Conclusions: Our data highlight TGW/TFI's capacity to adhere to daily PrEP and sustain PrEP use over time. The concordance between patient self-report and urine TFV levels suggest that providers can trust patient reports of PrEP adherence behavior and support the use of adherence conversations in clinical settings, without the need for point of care biological monitoring. Findings also underscore the importance of continued attention to drivers of PrEP stops at the patient, clinic, and systems levels and the development of strategies that support sustained PrEP use. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research

Impact of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among Adults With HIV—United States, 2008–2018
Conclusions: Despite reductions post-PCV13 introduction, IPD incidence among PWH remained substantially higher than among non-PWH. Higher-valent PCVs provide opportunities to reduce remaining IPD burden in PWH. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Brief Report: Self-Reported Knowledge of HIV Status Among Cisgender Male Sex Partners of Transgender Women in Lima, Peru
Conclusions: Reported knowledge of HIV status was low among MSTW in Lima, and unknown HIV status was associated with behaviors linked to HIV acquisition. MSTW who reported male partners were more likely to know their status, potentially indicating that HIV testing is more accessible to men who have sex with men. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - April 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Impacts of HIV-1 Subtype Diversity on Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Antiretroviral Therapy in Guangxi, China
Conclusions: Compared with patients with CRF07_BC, patients with CRF01_AE could benefit more from immediate ART, and patients with CRF08_BC are more suitable for PI-based regimens. These data emphasize the importance of routine HIV-1 genotyping before ART, immediate ART, and personalized ART regimens to improve the prognosis for patients undergoing ART. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - March 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Translational Research Source Type: research

Lower Incidence of HIV-1 Blips Observed During Integrase Inhibitor–Based Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
This study compares blip incidence rates during treatment with different combination antiretroviral therapy anchors. Setting: Retrospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital. Methods: All antiretroviral regimens between 2010 and 2020 containing 2 nucleos(-t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors and 1 anchor in virologically suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH) from our center were evaluated for the occurrence of blips [isolated viral loads (VLs) 50–499 copies/mL between measurements (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - March 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Translational Research Source Type: research

High Level of HIV Drug Resistance and Virologic Nonsuppression Among Female Sex Workers in Ethiopia: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Objective: To determine viral load (VL) nonsuppression (VLN) rates, HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) prevalence, and associated factors among female sex workers (FSWs) in Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional biobehavioral survey was conducted among FSWs in 11 cities in Ethiopia in 2014. Whole blood was collected, and HIVDR genotyping was performed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with VLN and HIVDR. Results: Among 4900 participants, 1172 (23.9%) were HIV-positive and 1154 (98.5%) had a VL result. Participants were categorized into antiretroviral therapy (ART) (n = 239)...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - March 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated With Better White Matter Integrity in Persons Living With HIV
Conclusions: An active lifestyle promoting cardiorespiratory fitness may lead to better white matter integrity and decreased susceptibility to cognitive decline in virologically well-controlled PLWH. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - March 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Quantification of CD4 Recovery in Early-Treated Infants Living With HIV
Conclusions: In early-treated children with successful viral suppression, the CD4 depletion is typically mild and CD4+ T cells tend to “fully” recover in numbers. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - March 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Evaluation of SAMBA II: A Qualitative and Semiquantitative HIV Point-of-Care Nucleic Acid Test
Conclusions: The SAMBA II POC NATs showed high sensitivity, specificity, and concordance with the gold standard assay, indicating its potential use in diagnostics and monitoring. Future work will evaluate POC NAT implementation in the US. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - March 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Impact of HIV on Cognitive Performance in Professional Drivers
This study, set in Cape Town, South Africa, assessed the effects of HIV on neuropsychological test performance in employed male professional drivers. Method: We administered a neuropsychological test battery spanning 7 cognitive domains and obtained behavioral data, anthropometry, and medical biomarkers from 3 groups of professional drivers (68 men with HIV, 55 men with cardiovascular risk factors, and 81 controls). We compared the drivers' cognitive profiles and used multiple regression modeling to investigate whether between-group differences persisted after considering potentially confounding sociodemographic and...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - March 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Impact of Heroin and HIV on Gut Integrity and Immune Activation
Background: Altered gut integrity is central to HIV-related immune activation. Opioids may promote similar changes in gut permeability and/or increase systemic inflammation, potentially augmenting processes already occurring in people with HIV (PWH). Setting: Urban hospital systems in Cleveland, Ohio, and surrounding communities. Methods: This is a prospectively enrolled, cross-sectional study including people with and without HIV using heroin and people with and without HIV who have never used heroin, matched by age, sex, and CD4+ T-cell count (PWH only) to compare markers of gut integrity, microbial tra...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - March 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Incidence and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in HIV-Infected Individuals During the First Year of the Pandemic
Background: We aim to investigate the infection rate, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19-disease in a cohort of people living with HIV in Madrid (Spain), during the first year of pandemics. Setting: Observational single-center study, in which we included all HIV-infected patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection as of February 28, 2021, at the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Methods: Confirmed disease was defined as any patient with a positive antigen test, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain re...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - March 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Brief Report: Undertreated Midlife Symptoms for Women Living With HIV Linked to Lack of Menopause Discussions With Care Providers
This study was conducted across 3 Canadian provinces from 2015 to 2017. Methods: Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women living with HIV (35 years or older) in the Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study who answered questions related to MHT use were included. Univariable/multivariable logistic regression evaluated factors associated with MHT use, adjusted for age and contraindications. Results: Among 464 women, 47.8% (222 of 464) had a first-line indication for MHT; however, only 11.8% (55 of 464) reported ever using MHT and 5.6% (26 of 464) were current users. Only 44.8% had ever di...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - March 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

The Organization, Content, and Case-Finding Effectiveness of HIV Assisted Partner Services in High HIV Morbidity Areas of the United States
Conclusions: HIV case-finding resulting from APS in the United States is low. (Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes)
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - March 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research