Localization of SNARE proteins in the brain and corpus allatum of Bombyx mori
AbstractSolubleN-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) make up the core machinery that mediates membrane fusion. SNAREs, syntaxin, synaptosome-associated protein (SNAP), and synaptobrevin form a tight SNARE complex that brings the vesicle and plasma membranes together and is essential for membrane fusion. The cDNAs of SNAP-25, VAMP2, and Syntaxin 1A fromBombyx mori were inserted into a plasmid, transformed intoEscherichia coli, and purified. We then produced antibodies against the SNAP-25, VAMP2, and Syntaxin 1A ofBombyx mori of rabbits and rats, which were used for immunohistochemistr...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - September 21, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Icing after skeletal muscle injury decreases M1 macrophage accumulation and TNF- α expression during the early phase of muscle regeneration in rats
AbstractFollowing skeletal muscle injury, both myogenic and immune cells interact closely during the regenerative process. Although icing is still a common acute treatment for sports-related skeletal muscle injuries, icing after muscle injury has been shown to disrupt macrophage accumulation and impair muscle regeneration in animal models. However, it remains unknown whether icing shortly after injury affects macrophage-related phenomena during the early stages of muscle regeneration. Therefore, we focused on the distribution of M1/M2 macrophages and cytokines expressed predominantly by macrophages during the early stages ...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - September 17, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
In focus in HCB
(Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - September 16, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Multiscale fluorescence imaging of living samples
AbstractFluorescence microscopy is a highly effective tool for interrogating biological structure and function, particularly when imaging across multiple spatiotemporal scales. Here we survey recent innovations and applications in the relatively understudied area of multiscale fluorescence imaging of living samples. We discuss fundamental challenges in live multiscale imaging and describe successful examples that highlight the power of this approach. We attempt to synthesize general strategies from these test cases, aiming to help accelerate progress in this exciting area. (Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - August 29, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Blood identified and quantified in formalin fixed paraffin embedded lung sections using eosin fluorescence
In this study our aim was to investigate the fluorescence properties of the dye to enable quantification of structures within formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. To do this, FFPE sections of hamster tissue were prepared with haematoxylin and eosin Y dyes. Spectral detection on a confocal laser scanning microscope was used to obtain the fluorescence emission spectra of the eosin Y under blue light. This showed clear spectral differences between the red blood cells and congealed blood, compared to the rest of the section. The spectra were so distinct that it was possible to discern these in fluorescence ...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - August 25, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Weighted average ensemble-based semantic segmentation in biological electron microscopy images
AbstractSemantic segmentation of electron microscopy images using deep learning methods is a valuable tool for the detailed analysis of organelles and cell structures. However, these methods require a large amount of labeled ground truth data that is often unavailable. To address this limitation, we present a weighted average ensemble model that can automatically segment biological structures in electron microscopy images when trained with only a small dataset. Thus, we exploit the fact that a combination of diverse base-learners is able to outperform one single segmentation model. Our experiments with seven different biol...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - August 20, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Characterization of focal adhesion proteins in rodent hepatic stellate cells
AbstractOngoing liver injury leads to fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis, a leading cause of death worldwide. The primary mechanism underlying the fibrogenic response is the activation of cells known as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) which are “quiescent” in the normal liver but become “activated” after injury by transdifferentiating into extracellular matrix-secreting myofibroblasts. Since integrins (extracellular matrix binding receptors) are important mediators of HSC activation and fibrogenesis, we hypothesized that focal adhe sion (FA) proteins, which link integrins to the intracellular protein machinery, may be...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - August 12, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Expression profile of the proapoptotic protein Bax in the human brain
AbstractBax is a well-known universal proapoptotic protein. Bax protein is detected in almost all human organs, and its expression levels can be correlated with disease progression and therapeutic efficacy in certain settings. Interestingly, increasing evidence has shown that mature neuronal cell death is often not typical apoptosis. Most results on the expression of Bax proteins (predominantly Bax α) in the human brain come from disease-oriented studies, and the data on Bax protein expression in the normal brain are limited and lack consistency due to many variable factors. Here, we analyzed Bax RNA and protein expressio...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - August 11, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Fourier analysis of collagen bundle orientation in myocardial infarction scars
AbstractCollagen bundle orientation (CBO) in myocardial infarct scars plays a major role in scar mechanics and complications after infarction. We aim to compare four histopathological methods for CBO measurement in myocardial scarring. Myocardial infarction was induced in 21 pigs by balloon coronary occlusion. Scar samples were obtained at 4 weeks, stained with Masson’s trichrome, Picrosirius red, and Hematoxylin–Eosin (H&E), and photographed using light, polarized light microscopy, and confocal microscopy, respectively. Masson ’s trichrome images were also optimized to remove non-collagenous structures. Two ob...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - August 10, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
SOX2 expression in the pathogenesis of premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix: its histo-topographical distribution distinguishes between low- and high-grade CIN
AbstractSOX2 expression in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma is increased compared to that in the normal cervical epithelium. However, data on the expression and histological distribution of SOX2 in squamous epithelium during progression of CIN are largely lacking. We studied SOX2 expression throughout the epithelium in 53 cases of CIN1, 2, and 3. In general, SOX2 expression increased and expanded from basal/parabasal to the intermediate/superficial compartment during early stages of progression of CIN. An unexpected, specific expression pattern was found in areas cla...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - August 9, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Effects of Ran-GTP/importin β inhibition on the meiotic division of porcine oocytes
AbstractThe Ran-GTP/importin β pathway has been implicated in a diverse array of mitotic functions in somatic mitosis; however, the possible meiotic roles of Ran-GTP/importin β in mammalian oocyte meiosis are still not fully understood. In the present study, importazole (IPZ), a small molecule inhibitor of the interaction bet ween Ran and importin β was used to explore the potential meiotic roles of Ran-GTP/importin β in porcine oocytes undergoing meiosis. After IPZ treatment, the extrusion rate of the first polar body (PB1) was significantly decreased, and a higher proportion of the oocytes were arrested at the germin...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - August 5, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
In focus in Vienna: Microscopy and cellular organelles
(Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - August 2, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
HLA-G as a prognostic marker in stage II/III colorectal cancer: not quite there yet
In conclusion, HLA-G is a promising CRC prognostic marker however much work is still required regarding technical aspects and evaluation of expression. (Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - July 28, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
CTP synthase: the hissing of the cellular serpent
AbstractCTP biosynthesis is carried out by two pathways: salvage and de novo. CTPsyn catalyzes the latter. The study of CTPsyn activity in mammalian cells began in the 1970s, and various fascinating discoveries were made regarding the role of CTPsyn in cancer and development. However, its ability to fit into a cellular serpent-like structure, termed ‘cytoophidia,’ was only discovered a decade ago by three independent groups of scientists. Although the self-assembly of CTPsyn into a filamentous structure is evolutionarily conserved, the enzyme activity upon this self-assembly varies in different species. CTPsyn is requi...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - July 26, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Autoimmunity, cancer and COVID-19 abnormally activate wound healing pathways: critical role of inflammation
AbstractRecent evidence indicates that targeting IL-6 provides broad therapeutic approaches to several diseases. In patients with cancer, autoimmune diseases, severe respiratory infections [e.g. coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] and wound healing, IL-6 plays a critical role in modulating the systemic and local microenvironment. Elevated serum levels of IL-6 interfere with the systemic immune response and are associated with disease progression and prognosis. As already noted, monoclonal antibodies blocking either IL-6 or binding of IL-6 to receptors have been used/tested successfully in the treatment of rheumatoid arthr...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - July 22, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
