Seasonal vascular plasticity in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the adult ewe
AbstractSheep, like most seasonal mammals, exhibit a cyclic adaptive reproductive physiology that allows ewes to give birth to their progeny during the spring when environmental conditions are favorable to their survival. This process relies on the detection of day length (or photoperiod) and is associated with profound changes in cellular plasticity and gene expression in the hypothalamic –pituitary–gonadal axis, mechanisms that are suggested to participate in the seasonal adaptation of neuroendocrine circuits. Recently, pituitary vascular growth has been proposed as a seasonally regulated process in which the vascula...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - February 3, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Ultrastructural imaging reveals vascular remodeling in migraine patients
AbstractMigraine is a neurological disorder and one of the most common pain conditions worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the basic biology and underlying mechanisms contributing to the development of migraine are still poorly understood. It is still unclear, for instance, whether the vasculature, both extra and intracranial, plays a significant role in the generation of migraine pain. Neuroimaging data, indeed, have reported conflicting results on blood vessels abnormalities like vasodilation, while functional studies suggest that vessels dysfunction may extend beyond vasodilation. Here we combined light and electron micr...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - January 29, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Correction to: In focus in HCB
(Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - January 26, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
GIT1 is an untolerized autoantigen involved in immunologic disturbance of spermatogenesis
In this study, we focused on G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1 (GIT1), another haploid cell-specific differentiation antigen, to investigate whether GIT1 is a target autoantigen for EAO induction. GIT1 emulsified with complete Freund’s adjuvant was injected subcutan eously into the mice inguinal region once on day 0 and again on day 14, and the optimum condition of EAO induction was determined. Mice immunized with 200 μg GIT1 showed significantly higher incidence of EAO than that of immunization with other concentrations. In particular, significant lymphocyti c inflammation and extensive aspermato...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - January 23, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Correction to: High endogenous expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) supports osteogenic differentiation in human dental follicle cells
The article High endogenous expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) supports osteogenic differentiation in human dental follicle cells. (Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - January 20, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Nanoarchitecture of the ventral disc of Giardia intestinalis as revealed by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and helium ion microscopy
AbstractThe parasitic protozoanGiardia intestinalis, the causative agent of giardiasis, presents a stable and elaborated cytoskeleton, which shapes and supports several intracellular structures, including the ventral disc, the median body, the funis, and four pairs of flagella.Giardia trophozoite is the motile form that inhabits the host small intestine and attaches to epithelial cells, leading to infection. The ventral disc is considered one important element of adhesion to the intestinal cells. It is adjacent to the plasma membrane in the ventral region of the cell and consists of a spiral layer of microtubules and micro...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - January 20, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Quest for breathing: proliferation of alveolar type 1 cells
AbstractThere is much evidence that the vertebrate lung originated from a progenitor structure which was present in bony fish. However, critical basic elements for the evolution of breathing in tetrapods, such as the central rhythm generator sensitive to CO2/pH and the pulmonary surfactant, were present in the lungless primitive vertebrate. This suggests that the evolution of air breathing in all vertebrates may have evolved through exaptations. It appears that the capability for proliferation of alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells is the “critical factor” which rendered possible the most radical subsequent innovation—the po...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - January 20, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Morphological alteration of the pancreatic islet in ovariectomized rats fed a high-fat high-fructose diet
AbstractDiabetes and its complications are major causes of mortality worldwide. Type 2 diabetes coexists with insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, which are aggravated by overconsumption and estrogen-deprived conditions. However, the morphology of pancreatic islets in a combined condition of excessive caloric intake and estrogen deficiency has never been described. Herein, we examined morphological changes in the pancreati c islets of ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) for 12 weeks. The histological changes in the size and number of pancreatic islets were assessed by hematoxylin–eo...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - January 17, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Endoplasmic reticulum stress affects mouse salivary protein secretion induced by chronic administration of an α1-adrenergic agonist
AbstractStress stimulates both the sympathetic-adrenomedullary and hypothalamus –pituitary–adrenal axes. Activation of these axes results in the release of catecholamines, which in turn affects salivary secretion. Thus, repetitive stimulation of the α1-adrenergic receptor could be useful for studying the effects of chronic stress on the salivary gland. Salivary protein concentration and kallikrein activity were significantly lower in mice following chronic phenylephrine (PHE) administration. Chronic PHE administration led to significantly increased expression of the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, activating transcr...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - January 17, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Crucial role of high-mobility group box 2 in mouse ovarian follicular development through estrogen receptor beta
In conclusion, we demonstrated the crucial role of HMGB2 in mouse ovarian folliculogenesis through ERβ expression. (Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - January 13, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
FOXO3/TGF- β signal-dependent ciliogenesis and cell functions during differentiation of temperature-sensitive mouse cochlear precursor hair cells
AbstractThe transcription factor FOXO3 is necessary to preserve cochlear hair cells. Growth factors, including TGF- β, closely contribute to cochlear hair cell regeneration. In the present study, to investigate the roles of FOXO3 in the ciliogenesis and cell functions of cochlear hair cells, UB/OC-2 temperature-sensitive mouse cochlear precursor hair cells were treated with TGF-β receptor type 1 inhibitor EW-71 97 or EGF receptor inhibitor AG-1478 after transfection with or without siRNA-FOXO3a. GeneChip analysis revealed that treatment with EW-7197 increasedFoxo3 genes and decreased genes of Smads. During cell different...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - January 13, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Effect of swimming exercise, insulin-associated or not, on inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and collagen in diabetic rat placentas
In this study, we evaluated the expression of VEGF-A, IL1 ß, TNFα, and type I collagen in the placentas of diabetic rats subjected to a swimming program. Thirty rats were divided into the following groups: CG, pregnant nondiabetic rats; CEG, nondiabetic pregnant rats subjected to swimming; DG, pregnant diabetic rats; DEG, pregnant diabetic rats subjected to swimming; DIG, pregnant diabetic rats treated with insulin; DIEG, pregnant diabetic rats treated with insulin and subjected to swimming. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin [50 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)], and insulin was administered at a dose of 5 U/day ...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - January 12, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Caspase-9 inhibition decreases expression of Mmp9 during chondrogenesis
AbstractBesides cell death, caspase-9 participates in non-apoptotic events, including cell differentiation. To evaluate a possible impact on the expression of chondrogenic/osteogenic factors, a caspase-9 inhibitor was tested in vitro. For this purpose, mouse forelimb-derived micromass cultures, the most common chondrogenic in vitro model, were used. The following analyses were performed based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays and real-time PCR. The expression of several chondrogenesis-related genes was shown to be altered, some of which may impact chondrogenic differentiation (Bmp4,Bmp7,Sp7,Gli1), mineral deposi...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - January 9, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Abnormalities in esophageal smooth muscle induced by mutations in collagen XIX
AbstractCollagen XIX is a nonfibrillar collagen that localizes in restricted tissues at very low amounts. A previous study onCol19a1 null mice revealed that collagen XIX is involved in esophageal muscle physiology and morphogenesis. Here, we use histological analysis to show that mice with aCol19a1 mutant lacking the NC3 domain and seven collagen triplets display abnormal transition of smooth to striated muscle in the abdominal segment of esophagus, and a widened esophagus with age. With two newly prepared antibodies, we analyzed the expression of collagen XIX in the mouse esophagus and show that collagen XIX colocalizes w...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - January 7, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
The role of oviduct-specific glycoprotein (OVGP1) in modulating biological functions of gametes and embryos
AbstractDiverse lines of evidence indicate that the mammalian oviduct makes important contributions to the complex process of reproduction other than being simply a conduit for the transport of gametes and embryos. The cumulative synthesis and transport of proteins secreted by oviductal secretory cells into the oviductal lumen create a microenvironment supporting important reproductive events, including sperm capacitation, fertilization, and early embryo development. Among the components that have been identified in the oviductal fluid is a family of glycosylated proteins known collectively as oviduct-specific glycoprotein...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - January 6, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
