Microenvironment for spermatogenesis and sperm maturation
AbstractThe male reproductive system consists of testes, a series of ducts connecting the testes to the external urethral orifice, accessory sex glands, and the penis. Spermatogonial stem cells differentiate and mature in testes and epididymides, and spermatozoa are ejaculated with exocrine fluids secreted by accessory sex glands. Many studies have clarified the detailed structure and function of the male reproductive system, and have shown that various biologic controls, including genomics, epigenetics, and the neuroendocrine –immune system regulate proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of germ cells. In other ...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - March 5, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Retention of higher fertility depending on ovarian follicle reserve in cystine-glutamate transporter gene-deficient mice
AbstractThe cystine-glutamate transporter (xCT) is responsible for the transport of cystine into cells. We recently found that xCT-deficient (xCTKO) aged mice maintained a higher rate of ovulation and ovarian weight compared with wild-type (WT) mice. It has been reported that a xCT deficiency in cultured cells induces autophagy through the suppression of mTOR survival pathways. We have previously reported that starvation in neonatal mice increases the number of primordial follicles with concomitant autophagy activation. Therefore, we investigated age-related changes in follicle reserve and fertility in xCTKO mice and clari...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - March 3, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Optical tissue clearing associated with 3D imaging: application in preclinical and clinical studies
AbstractUnderstanding the inner morphology of intact tissues is one of the most competitive challenges in modern biology. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, optical tissue clearing (OTC) has provided solutions for volumetric imaging, allowing the microscopic visualization of thick sections of tissue, organoids, up to whole organs and organisms (for example, mouse or rat). Recently, tissue clearing has also been introduced in clinical settings to achieve a more accurate diagnosis with the support of 3D imaging. This review aims to give an overview of the most recent developments in OTC and 3D imaging and to illus...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - March 2, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Localization of aquaglyceroporins in human and murine white adipose tissue
In conclusion, the presented results do not suggest a functional overlap between AQP3/AQP9/AQP10 and AQP7 in human or mouse white AT. (Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - March 2, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Interleukin-6 mimics insulin-dependent cellular distribution of some cytoskeletal proteins and Glut4 transporter without effect on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
In this study, we used microRNA profiling as a screening method to identify miRNA species modified by IL-6 treatment in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. miRNA microarray analysis and qRT-PCR revealed increased expression of miR-146b-3p in adipocytes exposed to IL-6 (1 ng/ml) during 8-day differentiation. On the basis of ontological analysis of potential targets, selected proteins associated with cytoskeleton and transport were examined in the context of adipocyte response to insulin, using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. We concluded that IL-6: (i) does not affect insulin action on actin cellular distribution; (ii) m...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - March 1, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
In focus in HCB: new histochemical insights into mammalian gametogenesis
(Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - March 1, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor localizes at the blood–bile barrier in humans and pigs
AbstractAnimal models and clinical studies suggest an influence of angiotensin II (AngII) on the pathogenesis of liver diseases via the renin–angiotensin system. AngII application increases portal blood pressure, reduces bile flow, and increases permeability of liver tight junctions. Establishing the subcellular localization of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), the main AngII receptor, helps to understand the effects of AngII on the liver. We localized AT1R in situ in human and porcine liver and porcine gallbladder by immunohistochemistry. In order to do so, we characterized commercial anti-AT1R antibodies regar...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - February 28, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Mice lacking growth-associated protein 43 develop cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy
AbstractGrowth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) is found in skeletal muscle, localized near the calcium release units. In interaction with calmodulin (CaM), it indirectly modulates the activity of dihydropyridine and ryanodine Ca2+ channels. GAP43 –CaM interaction plays a key role in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and, consequently, in skeletal muscle activity. The control of intracellular Ca2+ signaling is also an important functional requisite in cardiac physiology. The aim of this study is to define the impact of GAP43 on cardiac tissue at macroscopic and cellular levels, using GAP43 knockout (GAP43−/−) newborn C57/B...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - February 24, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Quantitative evaluation of spermatogenesis by fluorescent histochemistry
AbstractIdentifying the types of spermatogenic cells that compose seminiferous tubules, as well as qualitative confirmation of the presence or absence of disorders, has been regarded as crucial in spermatogenesis. Sperm count and fertilizing capacity, both of which depend on the quality as well as quantity of spermatogenesis, are factors critical to fertilization. However, the quantitative assessment of spermatogenesis is not commonly practiced. Spermatogenesis has species-specific stages; when the specific stage in the seminiferous tubules is precisely determined, the types of spermatogenic cells in each stage can be spon...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - February 24, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Spatial and chronological localization of septoclasts in the mouse Meckel ’s cartilage
AbstractMeckel ’s cartilage (MC) in the first branchial arch of mammals is a transient structure that disappears before birth, except for the most anterior and posterior portions. Recent studies reported that some congenital abnormalities in craniofacial regions are linked with the persistence or dysplasia of MC . However, the mechanisms underlying the resorption of MC have not been elucidated. Cartilage resorption in endochondral ossification is performed by multinuclear osteoclasts/chondroclasts as well as mononuclear septoclasts, which were newly added to the list of cartilage phagocytes. Septoclasts loc ated exclusiv...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - February 23, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
An in vitro system for experimentally induced cryptorchidism
In conclusion, using our in vitro system, we have demonstrated that (1) temperature is the determining factor for cryptorchidism, and (2) higher temperature (37 °C) suppresses DNA synthesis in spermatogenesis. (Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - February 21, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Matrix metalloproteinases, purinergic signaling, and epigenetics: hubs in the spinal neuroglial network following peripheral nerve injury
AbstractActivation of glial cells (reactive gliosis) and the purinergic pathway, together with metalloproteinase (MMP)-induced remodeling of the neural extracellular matrix (nECM), drive maladaptive changes in the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury (PNI). We evaluated the effects on spinal maladaptive plasticity through administration of oxidized ATP (oxATP), an antagonist of P2X receptors (P2XR), and/or GM6001, an inhibitor of MMPs, in rats following spared nerve injury (SNI) of the sciatic nerve. With morpho-molecular techniques, we demonstrated a reduction in spinal reactive gliosis and changes in the neuro-g...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - February 17, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Expression and localization of CD63 in the intracellular vesicles of odontoblasts
AbstractWe hypothesized that odontoblasts release exosomes as well as dental pulp cells and focused on the exosome membrane marker CD63. Odontoblasts are well-differentiated mesenchymal cells that produce dentin. Dental pulp, a tissue complex formed with odontoblasts, releases exosomes to epithelial cells and stimulates their differentiation to ameloblasts. However, the localization of CD63 in differentiated odontoblasts is poorly understood. Therefore, herein, we aimed to reveal the expression of CD63 in odontoblasts during tooth development. We first investigated the localization of CD63 in mouse incisors and molars usin...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - February 17, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
A higher dose of PEGylated gold nanoparticles reduces the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon effect and induces spleen B lymphocytes in albino mice
AbstractPolyethylene glycol (PEG) is a multifunctional polymer that has many uses in medical and biological applications. Recently, PEG has been mainly used in developing nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems (DDS). PEG is characterized by its high solubility, biological inertness, and ability to escape from immune cells (stealthiness) after system ic injection. The most challenging problem for PEGylated nanomaterials is their rapid elimination from the bloodstream after repeated doses of systemic injection, called accelerated blood clearance (ABC). Therefore, in this study, the effect of PEGylated nanomaterial dose c...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - February 14, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
In focus in HCB
(Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - February 4, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
