Ultrastructure of spherites in the midgut diverticula and Malpighian tubules of the harvestman Amilenus aurantiacus during the winter diapause
AbstractAmilenus aurantiacus overwinter in diapause, a natural starvation period, in hypogean habitats. The structure of spherites in the midgut diverticula (MD) and Malpighian tubules (MT) has been studied comparatively by light microscopy and TEM to detect eventual differences in mineral consumption in the beginning and at the end of the starvation period in these organs (MD and MT) associated with digestive processes. The chemical composition of spherites was examined by combining energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM). The structure of the s...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - November 5, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
In focus in HCB
(Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - November 3, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
In Memoriam
(Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - October 25, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Sarcopenia in pulmonary diseases is associated with elevated sarcoplasmic reticulum stress and myonuclear disorganization
AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is frequently associated with age-related muscle loss or sarcopenia. However, the exact molecular mechanism of muscle loss in COPD remains elusive. We investigated the association of chronic dysregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) protein homeostasis (a condition called SR stress) and myonuclear disorganization with sarcopenia in patients with COPD. Markers of SR stress and their downstream consequences, including apoptosis and inflammation, were upregulated in patients with COPD. The maximal SR Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity was significantly reduced in advanced COPD...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - October 19, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
NANOS3 downregulation in Down syndrome hiPSCs during primordial germ cell-like cell differentiation
In this study, we differentiated hiPSCs with trisomy 21 into hPGCLCs. In vitro-derived germ cells from hiPSCs with Down syndrome (DS) express hPGCLC core circuitry,EOMES,SOX17, andPRDM14 at relatively low levels.TFAP2C andPRDM1 were expressed and remained elevated, whereasNANOS3 andNANOG were downregulated in BMP4-induced hiPSCs with DS. The low level ofNANOG andNANOS3 expression might negatively influence hPGCLC generation in DS hiPSCs. We suggest that DS hPGCLCs could be a suitable model for studying human early germ cell development, the epigenetic and molecular mechanisms of PGC specification and formation, as well as ...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - October 15, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Effects of a P2X7 receptor antagonist on myenteric neurons in the distal colon of an experimental rat model of ulcerative colitis
In conclusion, BBG is effective in improving experimental ulcerative colitis, and the P2X7 receptor may be a therape utic target. (Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - October 9, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
In focus in HCB
(Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - October 9, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Immunohistochemical distribution of proteins involved in glutamate release in subepithelial sensory nerve endings of rat epiglottis
AbstractTo elucidate the efferent functions of sensory nerve endings, the distribution of calretinin and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) in laryngeal laminar nerve endings and the immunohistochemical distribution of proteins associated with synaptic vesicle release, i.e., t-SNARE (SNAP25 and syntaxin 1), v-SNARE (VAMP1 and VAMP2), synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1), bassoon, and piccolo, were examined. Subepithelial laminar nerve endings immunoreactive for Na+-K+-ATPase α3-subunit (NKA α3) were largely distributed in the whole-mount preparation of the epiglottic mucosa, and several endings were also immunoreactive for c...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - October 6, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Dynamic changes of histone methylation in mammalian oocytes and early embryos
AbstractHistone methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism and plays a major role in regulating gene expression during oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis. This mechanism can be briefly defined as the process by which methyl groups are transferred to lysine and arginine residues of histone tails extending from nucleosomes. While methylation of the lysine residues is catalyzed by histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs), protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) add methyl groups to the arginine residues. When necessary, the added methyl groups can be reversibly removed by histone demethylases (HDMs) by a process cal...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - October 2, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
YAP regulates porcine skin-derived stem cells self-renewal partly by repressing Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway
AbstractSkin-derived stem cells (SDSCs) are a class of adult stem cells (ASCs) that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate. The regulation mechanisms involved in the differentiation of SDSCs are a hot topic. In this paper, we explore the link between the transcriptional regulator yes-associated protein (YAP) and the fate of porcine SDSCs (pSDSCs). We found that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) activates YAP, promotes pSDSCs pluripotency, and counteracts transdifferentiation of pSDSCs into porcine primordial germ cell-like cells (pPGCLCs). YAP promotes the pluripotent state of pSDSCs by maintaining the high expressio...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - September 29, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Connecting tubules develop from the tip of the ureteric bud in the human kidney
AbstractThe connecting tubule (CNT) is a unique segment of the nephron connecting the metanephric mesenchyme (MM)-derived distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and ureteric bud (UB)-derived collecting duct (CD). Views on the cellular origin of the CNT in the human kidney are controversial. It was suggested that in mice, the connecting segment arises from the distal compartment of the renal vesicle (RV). However, there are several differences in embryonic development between the mouse and human kidney. The aim of our study was to establish the possible origin of the CNT in the human kidney. We analysed the expression of markers de...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - September 23, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Olfactory receptor Olfr78 (prostate-specific G protein-coupled receptor PSGR) expression in arterioles supplying skeletal and cardiac muscles and in arterioles feeding some murine organs
AbstractThe olfactory receptor Olfr78 (prostate-specific G protein-coupled receptor PSGR) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family mediating olfactory chemosensation, but it is additionally expressed in other tissues. Olfr78 expressed in kidney participates in blood pressure regulation, and in prostate it plays a role in the development of cancer. We here screened many organs/tissues of transgenic mice co-expressingβ-galactosidase with Olfr78. X-gal-positive cells were detectable in smooth muscle cells of numerous arterioles of striated muscles (heart ventricles and skeletal muscles of various embryological or...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - September 20, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Fat causes necrosis and inflammation in parenchymal cells in human steatotic liver
In conclusion, adapted methods of fixation applied to human liver tissue revealed that single, huge fat droplets cause necrosis and inflammation in single parenchymal cells. Fat dropl ets also collect Mallory substance and give rise to sinusoidal fat emboli. Therefore, degreasing of the liver seems to be an essential therapeutic first step in the self-repairing of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This might directly reduce single-cell steatotic necrosis and inflammation as elem ents in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis progression. (Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology)
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - September 15, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Impaired macrophages and failure of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in rat testes with cytokines deficiency induced by diacerein
AbstractThe role of cytokines in testicular function under normal conditions has not been completely understood. Here, we evaluated testicular macrophages (TM), steroidogenesis by Leydig cells (LC) and seminiferous tubules integrity in cytokines-deficient rat testes induced by diacerein, an anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α). Male rats received daily 100 mg/kg of diacerein (DIAG;n = 8) or saline (CG;n = 8) for 30 days. Serum testosterone (T) levels were measured and the seminiferous tubule (ST) area, epithelial area (EA), frequency of damaged ST and...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - September 13, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Zika virus replication in glioblastoma cells: electron microscopic tomography shows 3D arrangement of endoplasmic reticulum, replication organelles, and viral ribonucleoproteins
AbstractStructural changes of two patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines after Zika virus infection were investigated using scanning transmission electron tomography on high-pressure-frozen, freeze-substituted samples. In Zika-virus-infected cells, Golgi structures were barely visible under an electron microscope, and viral factories appeared. The cytosol outside of the viral factories resembled the cytosol of uninfected cells. The viral factories contained largely deranged endoplasmic reticulum (ER), filled with many so-called replication organelles consisting of a luminal vesicle surrounded by the ER membrane. Viral cap...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - September 12, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
